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权重分配可以有多种实现方式,这里提供一种基于概率的实现方式,使用Java语言编写代码。
假设有n个元素需要进行权重分配,每个元素有一个权重值,权重值可以是任意正整数。我们需要将这n个元素按照权重值进行分配,使得权重值越大的元素被选中的概率越大。
算法思路如下:
计算所有元素的权重值之和,记为totalWeight。
生成一个随机数rand,范围为[1, totalWeight]。
遍历所有元素,累计它们的权重值,如果累计值大于等于rand,则选择该元素。
如果所有元素的权重值之和为0,则返回null,表示无法进行权重分配。
Java代码实现如下:
import java.util.List; import java.util.Random; public class WeightedRandomSelector<T> { private final List<Entry<T>> entries; private final Random rand; private int totalWeight; public WeightedRandomSelector(List<Entry<T>> entries) { this.entries = entries; this.rand = new Random(); this.totalWeight = 0; for (Entry<T> entry : entries) { this.totalWeight += entry.weight; } } public T select() { if (totalWeight == 0) { return null; } int randNum = rand.nextInt(totalWeight) + 1; int accumulatedWeight = 0; for (Entry<T> entry : entries) { accumulatedWeight += entry.weight; if (accumulatedWeight >= randNum) { return entry.item; } } return null; } private static class Entry<T> { public T item; public int weight; public Entry(T item, int weight) { this.item = item; this.weight = weight; } } }
使用示例:
import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class WeightedRandomSelectorTest { public static void main(String[] args) { List<WeightedRandomSelector.Entry<String>> entries = Arrays.asList( new WeightedRandomSelector.Entry<>("apple", 2), new WeightedRandomSelector.Entry<>("banana", 3), new WeightedRandomSelector.Entry<>("orange", 5) ); WeightedRandomSelector<String> selector = new WeightedRandomSelector<>(entries); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String selected = selector.select(); System.out.println("Selected: " + selected); } } }
输出
Selected: orange
Selected: orange
Selected: banana
Selected: orange
Selected: orange
Selected: apple
Selected: orange
Selected: orange
Selected: orange
Selected: orange
在这个示例中,权重值较大的元素(如orange)被选中的概率较大,权重值较小的元素(如apple)被选中的概率较小。
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