Java微信消息推送（二）_java 登录微信 发送消息

首先，公众号的准备工作（以测试号为主）

1.先得到公众号的appid和appsecret和token(此程序可有可无)

2.然后得到一个推送的用户oppenid
3.消息推送模板准备，点击新增测试模板

我的模板信息（可直接CV）

标题：交易提醒	内容：尊敬的{{User.DATA}} {{k1.DATA}} 您的尾号{{CardNumber.DATA}} 的建设银行储蓄卡最新交易信息 交易时间：{{Date.DATA}} 交易类型：{{Type.DATA}} 交易金额：{{Money.DATA}} {{k2.DATA}} 截止至{{DeadTime.DATA}}，您在建设银行储蓄卡账户可用余额为{{Left.DATA}}元
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4.微信开发平台又提供推送消息的 文档 ，我们只需要POST请求下面的接口就行了

https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
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后台JAVA程序

1.获取access_token

因为调用上面一个接口，需要获取access_token

1.1创建一个access_token的实体类

package com.example.demo.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

/*
 *AccessToken 对象
 */
public class AccessToken implements Serializable {
    //获取到的凭证
    private String accessToken;
    //凭证有效时间，单位：秒
    private int expiresin;

    public String getAccessToken() {
        return accessToken;
    }

    public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
        this.accessToken = accessToken;
    }

    public int getExpiresin() {
        return expiresin;
    }

    public void setExpiresin(int expiresin) {
        this.expiresin = expiresin;
    }
}

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1.2因为需要在程序中发送http请求，添加一个http请求的工具类

package com.example.demo.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.MyX509TrustManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;

public class WX_HttpsUtil {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_HttpsUtil.class);
    /**
     * 发送https请求
     * @param requestUrl 请求地址
     * @param requestMethod 请求方式（GET、POST）
     * @param outputStr 提交的数据
     * @return JSONObject(通过JSONObject.get(key)的方式获取json对象的属性值)
     */
    public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = null;
        try {
            // 创建SSLContext对象，并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
            TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
            sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
            // 从上述SSLContext对象中得到SSLSocketFactory对象
            SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
            URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
            HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            conn.setUseCaches(false);
            // 设置请求方式（GET/POST）
            conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
            // 当outputStr不为null时向输出流写数据
            if (null != outputStr) {
                OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
                // 注意编码格式
                outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
                outputStream.close();
            }
            // 从输入流读取返回内容
            InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
            String str = null;
            StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
            while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                buffer.append(str);
            }
            // 释放资源
            bufferedReader.close();
            inputStreamReader.close();
            inputStream.close();
            inputStream = null;
            conn.disconnect();
            jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(buffer.toString());
        } catch (ConnectException ce) {
            log.error("连接超时：{}", ce);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("https请求异常：{}", e);
        }
        return jsonObject;
    }

}


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1.3获取access_token

package com.example.demo.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONException;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.AccessToken;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class WX_TokenUtil {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TokenUtil.class);
    /**
     *  获得微信 AccessToken
     * access_token是公众号的全局唯一接口调用凭据，公众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token。
     * 开发者需要access_token的有效期目前为2个小时，需定时刷新，重复获取将导致上次获取
     * 的access_token失效。
     * （此处我是把token存在Redis里面了）
     */

    public static AccessToken getWXToken() {
        String tokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPID+"&secret="+ GlobalConfiguration.APPSECRET;
        JSONObject jsonObject = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tokenUrl, "GET", null);
        System.out.println("jsonObject:"+jsonObject);
        AccessToken access_token = new AccessToken();
        if (null != jsonObject) {
            try {
                access_token.setAccessToken(jsonObject.getString("access_token"));
                access_token.setExpiresin(jsonObject.getInteger("expires_in"));
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                access_token = null;
                // 获取token失败
                log.error("获取token失败 errcode:{} errmsg:{}", jsonObject.getInteger("errcode"), jsonObject.getString("errmsg"));
            }
        }

        return access_token;
    }

}

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2.推送消息给指定的用户

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_HttpsUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TemplateMsgUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_TokenUtil;
import com.example.demo.utils.WX_UserUtil;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import sun.reflect.generics.tree.VoidDescriptor;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/weChat")
public class TestWX {
    /*public static void main(String[] args) {
        //新增用户成功 - 推送微信消息
        senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");
    }*/
    @RequestMapping("/sendMessage")
    @ResponseBody
    public String sendMessage(){
        senMsg("oTQdNwz-gUeDfLgAQSiRhLZzj1O4");
        return "success";
    }
    static void senMsg(String openId){
        //用户是否订阅该公众号标识 (0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号)
        Integer  state= WX_UserUtil.subscribeState(openId);
        System.out.println("state:"+state);
        // 绑定了微信并且关注了服务号的用户 , 注册成功-推送注册短信
        if(state==1){
            Map<String, TemplateData> param = new HashMap<>();
            param.put("User",new TemplateData("杨先生","#173177"));
            param.put("Date",new TemplateData("07月18日 19时24分","#173177"));
            param.put("CardNumber",new TemplateData("0426","#173177"));
            param.put("Type",new TemplateData("兰州拉面","#173177"));
            param.put("Money",new TemplateData("人民币5,000,000.00元","#173177"));
            param.put("DeadTime",new TemplateData("06月08日19时24分","#173177"));
            param.put("Left",new TemplateData("31872134.09","#173177"));

            JSON.toJSONString(param);
            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(JSON.toJSONString(param));
            //调用发送微信消息给用户的接口
            WX_TemplateMsgUtil.sendWechatMsgToUser(openId,"lsCnZkSUOIeB4q8ZuHRli3onuciVZPS0GvCh2i06TB4", "http://www.baidu.com",
                    "#FFFFFF", jsonObject);


            //获取公众号的自动回复规则
            String urlinfo="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/get_current_autoreply_info?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
            JSONObject joinfo = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(urlinfo, "GET", null);
            Object o=joinfo.get("is_add_friend_reply_open");
            // System.out.println("o:"+joinfo);
            String getTokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=wx395cb56f846049fc&secret=b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";
            JSONObject Token = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(getTokenUrl, "GET", null);
            //System.out.println("Token:"+Token);


        }
    }

}

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package com.example.demo.entity;

/**
 * 模板详细信息
 * 根据需求自己更改
 */
public class TemplateData {
    private String value;
    private String color;
    public TemplateData(String value,String color){
        this.value = value;
        this.color = color;
    }
    public TemplateData(){

    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(String color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
}

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package com.example.demo.entity;

import java.util.Map;
/**
 * 注册成功，通知模板消息实体类
 */

public class TemplateMessage {
    private String touser; //用户OpenID
    private String template_id; //模板消息ID
    private String url; //URL置空，在发送后，点模板消息进入一个空白页面（ios），或无法点击（android）。
    private String topcolor; //标题颜色
    private Map<String, TemplateData> templateData; //模板详细信息

    public static TemplateMessage New() {
        return new TemplateMessage();
    }
    public TemplateMessage(){


    }
    public String getTouser() {
        return touser;
    }

    public void setTouser(String touser) {
        this.touser = touser;
    }

    public String getTemplate_id() {
        return template_id;
    }

    public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {
        this.template_id = template_id;
    }

    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }

    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }

    public String getTopcolor() {
        return topcolor;
    }

    public void setTopcolor(String topcolor) {
        this.topcolor = topcolor;
    }

    public Map<String, TemplateData> getTemplateData() {
        return templateData;
    }

    public void setTemplateData(Map<String, TemplateData> templateData) {
        this.templateData = templateData;
    }
}

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package com.example.demo.entity;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
/**
 * 微信请求 - 信任管理器
 */

public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager{

    public MyX509TrustManager() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    @Override
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
    }
    @Override
    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
    }
    @Override
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        //        return new X509Certificate[0];
        return  null;
    }

}

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package com.example.demo.utils;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 全局公众号配置信息
 */
public class GlobalConfiguration implements Serializable {
    public static final String APPID = "wx395cb56f846049fc";
    public static final String APPSECRET = "b8285bb7fb16553fd11feafb52c332f7";
    public static final String TOKEN = "boteWeChat";
}

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package com.example.demo.utils;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * 请求校验工具类
 * @author m
 *
 */
public class SignUtil {
    // 与接口配置信息中的Token要一致
    private static String token = "boteWeChat";

    /**
     * 验证签名
     *
     * @param signature
     * @param timestamp
     * @param nonce
     * @return
     */
    public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
        String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };
        // 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
        Arrays.sort(arr);
        StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            content.append(arr[i]);
        }
        MessageDigest md = null;
        String tmpStr = null;

        try {
            md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
            // 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
            byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes());
            tmpStr = byteToStr(digest);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        content = null;
        // 将sha1加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
        return tmpStr != null ? tmpStr.equals(signature.toUpperCase()) : false;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节数组转换为十六进制字符串
     *
     * @param byteArray
     * @return
     */
    private static String byteToStr(byte[] byteArray) {
        String strDigest = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
            strDigest += byteToHexStr(byteArray[i]);
        }
        return strDigest;
    }

    /**
     * 将字节转换为十六进制字符串
     *
     * @param mByte
     * @return
     */
    private static String byteToHexStr(byte mByte) {
        char[] Digit = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
        char[] tempArr = new char[2];
        tempArr[0] = Digit[(mByte >>> 4) & 0X0F];
        tempArr[1] = Digit[mByte & 0X0F];

        String s = new String(tempArr);
        return s;
    }
}
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package com.example.demo.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.example.demo.entity.TemplateData;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.util.Map;

public class WX_TemplateMsgUtil {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_TemplateMsgUtil.class);

    /**
     * 封装模板详细信息
     * @return
     */
    public static JSONObject packJsonmsg(Map<String, TemplateData> param) {
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        for (Map.Entry<String,TemplateData> entry : param.entrySet()) {
            JSONObject keyJson = new JSONObject();
            TemplateData  dta=  entry.getValue();
            keyJson.put("value",dta.getValue());
            keyJson.put("color", dta.getColor());
            json.put(entry.getKey(), keyJson);
        }
        return json;
    }

    /**
     * 根据模板的编号 新增并获取模板ID
     * @param templateSerialNumber 模板库中模板的 "编号"
     * @return 模板ID
     */
    public static String getWXTemplateMsgId(String templateSerialNumber){
        String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_add_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("template_id_short", templateSerialNumber);
        JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
        JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
        String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
        log.info("获取模板编号返回信息：" + errmsg);
        if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){
            return "error";
        }
        String templateId = (String) resultJson.get("template_id");
        return templateId;
    }

    /**
     * 根据模板ID 删除模板消息
     * @param templateId 模板ID
     * @return
     */
    public static String deleteWXTemplateMsgById(String templateId){
        String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/del_private_template?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("template_id", templateId);
        try{
            JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
            JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
            log.info("删除"+templateId+"模板消息,返回CODE："+ resultJson.get("errcode"));
            String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
            if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){
                return "error";
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "success";
    }


    /**
     * 发送微信消息(模板消息)
     * @param touser 用户 OpenID
     * @param templatId 模板消息ID
     * @param clickurl URL置空，则在发送后，点击模板消息会进入一个空白页面（ios），或无法点击（android）。
     * @param topcolor 标题颜色
     * @param data 详细内容
     * @return
     */
    public static String sendWechatMsgToUser(String touser, String templatId, String clickurl, String topcolor, JSONObject data) {
        String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token="+ WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken();
        JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
        json.put("touser", touser);
        json.put("template_id", templatId);
        json.put("url", clickurl);
        json.put("topcolor", topcolor);
        json.put("data", data);
        try{
            JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "POST", json.toString());
            JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
            log.info("发送微信消息返回信息：" + resultJson.get("errcode"));
            String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
            if(!"ok".equals(errmsg)){  //如果为errmsg为ok，则代表发送成功，公众号推送信息给用户了。
                return "error";
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "error";
        }
        return "success";
    }

}

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package com.example.demo.utils;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

public class WX_UserUtil {
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WX_UserUtil.class);
    /**
     * 根据微信openId 获取用户是否订阅
     * @param openId 微信openId
     * @return 是否订阅该公众号标识
     */
    public static Integer subscribeState(String openId){
        String tmpurl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token="+WX_TokenUtil.getWXToken().getAccessToken() +"&openid="+ openId;
        JSONObject result = WX_HttpsUtil.httpsRequest(tmpurl, "GET",null);
        JSONObject resultJson = new JSONObject(result);
        String errmsg = (String) resultJson.get("errmsg");
        if(errmsg==null){
            //用户是否订阅该公众号标识（0代表此用户没有关注该公众号 1表示关注了该公众号）。
            Integer subscribe = (Integer) resultJson.get("subscribe");
            return subscribe;
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

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package com.example.demo.utils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class WxServlet extends HttpServlet{

    public WxServlet() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
     */
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 微信加密签名
        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
        // 时间戳
        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
        // 随机数
        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
        // 随机字符串
        String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        // 通过检验signature对请求进行校验，若校验成功则原样返回echostr，表示接入成功，否则接入失败
        if (SignUtil.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
            out.print(echostr);
        }
        out.close();
        out = null;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
     */
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }

}

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最后我们启动项目，访问localhost:8080/weChat/sendMessage即可给用户发送消息

效果图：

记录成长！