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背景
这几天在天天在写Context.getSystemService()获取系统服务,例如在获取窗口服务的时候都会这样写:
WindowManager manager = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
突然有人问我说,就是getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是否是同一个,还是每次生成新的?
直接翻看了下源码,事实上还是比较简单的,以下做一下记录:
分析
直接看一下Context源码:
- // Context
- public abstract Object getSystemService(@ServiceName @NonNull String name);
Context只是一个抽象类,具体看下实现类ContextWrapper
- @Override
- public Object getSystemService(String name) {
- return mBase.getSystemService(name);
- }
ContextWrapper使用了代理模式,mBase是Context的具体实现。
在Activity启动的时候,ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity中会创建ContextImpl,同时会调用了Activity的attach(),将Context设置给了activity
- // ActivityThread
- private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
- // 创建了ContextImpl
- ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r);
- Activity activity = null;
- // 反射创建了activity
- java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
- activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
- cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
- // 创建applicaiton
- Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
-
- appContext.setOuterContext(activity);
- // 将appContext传入
- activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
- r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
- r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
- r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback);
- return activity;
- }
ContextImpl才是Context的真正实现。
- // ContextImpl
- @Override
- public Object getSystemService(String name) {
- return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name);
- }
SystemServiceRegistry是一个负责注册系统服务的类,内部有一个静态的HashMap,静态加载了各种系统服务在里面,其中就包括了window_service。
- // ContextImpl
- private static final HashMap<Class<?>, String> SYSTEM_SERVICE_NAMES =
- new HashMap<Class<?>, String>();
- private static final HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>> SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS =
- new HashMap<String, ServiceFetcher<?>>();
- private static int sServiceCacheSize;
-
- static {
- ...
- registerService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, WindowManager.class,
- new CachedServiceFetcher<WindowManager>() {
- @Override
- public WindowManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) {
- return new WindowManagerImpl(ctx);
- }});
- ...
- }
-
- static abstract class CachedServiceFetcher<T> implements ServiceFetcher<T> {
- private final int mCacheIndex;
-
- public CachedServiceFetcher() {
- mCacheIndex = sServiceCacheSize++;
- }
-
- @Override
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public final T getService(ContextImpl ctx) {
- final Object[] cache = ctx.mServiceCache;
- synchronized (cache) {
- // Fetch or create the service.
- Object service = cache[mCacheIndex];
- if (service == null) {
- try {
- service = createService(ctx);
- cache[mCacheIndex] = service;
- } catch (ServiceNotFoundException e) {
- onServiceNotFound(e);
- }
- }
- return (T)service;
- }
- }
-
- public abstract T createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException;
- }
可见,我们获取的window_service对应的就是静态hashmap存储的WindowManagerImpl,也就是一个进程只会创建一个WindowManagerImpl。
ServiceManager
WindowManagerImpl比较特别,我们再来看一个:
- registerService(Context.POWER_SERVICE, PowerManager.class,
- new CachedServiceFetcher<PowerManager>() {
- @Override
- public PowerManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
- IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
- IPowerManager service = IPowerManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
- return new PowerManager(ctx.getOuterContext(),
- service, ctx.mMainThread.getHandler());
- }});
其中,从ServiceManager获取对应的服务的binder
IBinder b = ServiceManager.getServiceOrThrow(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
1
ServiceManager提供获取服务的接口
- // ServiceManager
- public static IBinder getServiceOrThrow(String name) throws ServiceNotFoundException {
- final IBinder binder = getService(name);
- if (binder != null) {
- return binder;
- } else {
- throw new ServiceNotFoundException(name);
- }
- }
// 通过服务名字获取binder
- public static IBinder getService(String name) {
- try {
- IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
- if (service != null) {
- return service;
- } else {
- // 重点:获取对应服务的Binder
- return Binder.allowBlocking(getIServiceManager().getService(name));
- }
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);
- }
- return null;
- }
上面的代码很简单,其中sCache是一个hashMap,缓存了已经加载过的服务的binder,避免二次获取。
- private static IServiceManager sServiceManager;
- private static HashMap<String, IBinder> sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>();
最后我们的关注点就是:
IServiceManager是对应什么?
getIServiceManager().getService(name)如何获取到具体的服务的binder?
先看下IServiceManager接口的定义:
- public interface IServiceManager extends IInterface
- {
- public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException;
-
- public IBinder checkService(String name) throws RemoteException;
-
- public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
- throws RemoteException;
-
- public String[] listServices() throws RemoteException;
-
- public void setPermissionController(IPermissionController controller)
- throws RemoteException;
- }
IServiceManager接口提供了getService,addService,checkService,listService接口,对应的就是binder机制里面的ServiceManager,负责跟Binder打交道,注册binder、获取binder等服务。
再看下getIServiceManager(),他也是一个获取binder转化成对应的服务接口的方法
- private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
- if (sServiceManager != null) {
- return sServiceManager;
- }
-
- // Find the service manager
- sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative
- .asInterface(Binder.allowBlocking(BinderInternal.getContextObject()));
- return sServiceManager;
- }
ServiceManagerNative是一个类似AIDL为我们自动生成的类的方法,他对应了服务端和客户端的实现。在我们客户端的进程中,打交道的就是ServiceManagerProxy,他是一个BpBinder。
- // ServiceManagerNative
- public abstract class ServiceManagerNative extends Binder implements IServiceManager
- {
- static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)
- {
- ...
- IServiceManager in =
- (IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
- ...
- return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);
- }
-
- public ServiceManagerNative()
- {
- attachInterface(this, descriptor);
- }
-
- public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
- {
- try {
- switch (code) {
- case IServiceManager.GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
- data.enforceInterface(IServiceManager.descriptor);
- String name = data.readString();
- IBinder service = getService(name);
- reply.writeStrongBinder(service);
- return true;
- }
- ...
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- public IBinder asBinder()
- {
- return this;
- }
- }
-
- class ServiceManagerProxy implements IServiceManager {
- public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
- mRemote = remote;
- }
-
- public IBinder asBinder() {
- return mRemote;
- }
-
- public IBinder getService(String name) throws RemoteException {
- Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
- Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
- data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
- data.writeString(name);
- mRemote.transact(GET_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
- IBinder binder = reply.readStrongBinder();
- reply.recycle();
- data.recycle();
- return binder;
- }
- ....
- }
很明显,ServiceManagerNative就是对应了binder服务端BBinder的实现,类似aidl帮助自动生成的Stub类。ServiceManagerProxy则对应客户端BpBinder的实现,类似对应aidl帮助自动生成的Stub.Proxy代理类。
最后的问题,BinderInternal.getContextObject()获取的是什么服务的binder?
- // BinderInternal
- /**
- * Return the global "context object" of the system. This is usually
- * an implementation of IServiceManager, which you can use to find
- * other services.
- */
- public static final native IBinder getContextObject();
getContextObject是一个native方法,根据注释,它是整个系统的Context对象,一般情况下,IServiceManager通过它去获取其他服务。
总结
由上面总结的信息可以得到
ServiceManager作用
通过BinderInternal.getContextObject()可以得到ServiceManager的binder,获取得到ServiceManager服务接口,借用ServiceManager服务接口可以去注册、获取我们需要的系统服务。
ServiceManager用于系统服务的注册添加和获取,在AMS都可以看到他的身影,通过它来注册系统服务:
- // ActivityManagerService.java
- public void setSystemProcess() {
- try {
- ServiceManager.addService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE, this, true);
- ServiceManager.addService(ProcessStats.SERVICE_NAME, mProcessStats);
- ServiceManager.addService("meminfo", new MemBinder(this));
- ServiceManager.addService("gfxinfo", new GraphicsBinder(this));
- ServiceManager.addService("dbinfo", new DbBinder(this));
- if (MONITOR_CPU_USAGE) {
- ServiceManager.addService("cpuinfo", new CpuBinder(this));
- }
- ServiceManager.addService("permission", new PermissionController(this));
- ServiceManager.addService("processinfo", new ProcessInfoService(this));
- ...
- }
Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式
Context.bindService() 跟ServiceManager获取对应的binder方式是不一样的
A 进程 Context.bindService()会将ServiceConnection封装成可IPC调用的IServiceConnection;
同时调用了AMS的bindService,AMS分发给了ActiveServices执行真正的任务;
ActiveServices做保存IServiceConnection工作,启动ActivityThread的handleBindService()去反射生成一个新的Service;
ActivityThread调用了Service的onBind()获取到了Service的binder,调用AMS的publishService(),AMS又让ActiveServices执行工作;
ActiveServices将这个binder通过IServiceConnection发给A进程。完成bindService工作,整个工作流程中,并没有去调用ServiceManager加载这个binder。
至于getContextObject()如何获取到ServiceManager的BpBinder,没有继续深究
service_manager进程是由是由init进程,通过解析init.rc文件来启动的进程。
根据底层0号可以获取到ServiceManager的binder
关于ServiceManager可以参考
https://www.cnblogs.com/lzlltmf/p/5906831.html
除了bindService(),其他方式获取binder
bindService通过ServiceConnection获取对应的binder
借助binder接口获取binder,比如说通过bindService获取binder A,而binder A提供获取binder B的接口
通过ServiceManager的addService,但ServiceManager是hide类,这种方式是SystemService注册的方式,适合系统应用的开发
PS:
同一个进程,getSystemService() 每次获取的对应的WindowManager是同一个。
发布文章的时候,系统提示说:该文章不是原创。
才发现原来这部分网上有好多文章分析过了,看来自己不能浅显的只学习这些简单的知识点,还得继续努力,往深度发展
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