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今天来系统聊一聊docker的端口,常见的有容器内程序端口、容器端口、主机端口、Dockerfile中EXPOSE端口、docker-compose和docker run中的port等。
貌似很多端口,但连接时真实的端口仅程序端口和主机端口,其他都是对端口的声明,并不会实际开启端口的服务。
下面以nginx和redis镜像为例介绍下这些端口的关系:nginx程序端口80,映射主机端口30080;redis程序端口6379,映射主机端口36379。实际通信如下图
以nginx为例,启动容器(名称web)
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web nginx 3cb58fd8e585e0b015e7e42e9587df95359e1d133ff5371c6838fd303132d2ef [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3cb58fd8e585 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 80/tcp web
本地服务器验证访问容器,返回如下高亮信息表示端口访问正常
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' web 172.17.0.2
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.2:80 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> 。。。。。
外网验证访问,连接不通
$ curl http://192.168.8.190:80 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- 0:00:01 --:--:-- 0 curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.8.190 port 80: Connection refused
1. 修改容器web内nginx的端口为88,重启生效
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it web /bin/bash root@9ac59b2d523f:/# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 修改listen参数值为88 [root@localhost ~]# docker restart web web
2.检查镜像的Dockerfile文件中Expose的端口:仍为80
[root@localhost ~]# docker history nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 605c77e624dd 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon… 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0B <missing> 9 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
3.检查容器信息中显示的端口:仍为80
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c24aa7848e38 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 39 seconds ago Up 37 seconds 80/tcp web
4.验证实际可访问端口。80拒绝连接,88访问正常
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.2:80 curl: (7) Failed connect to 172.17.0.2:80; 拒绝连接 [root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.2:88 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> .............. </body> </html>
1. 启动容器,未指定主机映射端口时
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web nginx 3cb58fd8e585e0b015e7e42e9587df95359e1d133ff5371c6838fd303132d2ef [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3cb58fd8e585 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 80/tcp web
外网访问主机80端口,不通
2. 启动容器,指定主机映射端口30080映射容器80端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 30080:80 --name web nginx 04ef8440c357b81da934e91e786612b6027d20ea2e7cb3bd81ae91a9ca15a807 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 04ef8440c357 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 0.0.0.0:30080->80/tcp, :::30080->80/tcp web
外网访问主机30080,成功
补充:在docker run中使用-p映射端口,在docker-compose中使用-port映射端口,效果相同。
在其他容器中,访问上方已启动容器web,容器端口80,映射宿主机端口30080,容器ip:172.17.0.2,主机ip:192.168.8.190
启动一个redis容器,从redis容器访问web容器服务。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name redis redis:6.0.8
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it redis /bin/bash
root@25d8d484aa5b:/data# curl http://172.17.0.2:80 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ...........
root@25d8d484aa5b:/data# curl http://172.17.0.2:30080 curl: (7) Failed to connect to 172.17.0.2 port 30080: Connection refused
root@25d8d484aa5b:/data# curl http://192.168.8.190:30080 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ............
root@25d8d484aa5b:/data# curl http://192.168.8.190:80
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.8.190 port 80: Connection refused
补充:若使用docker-compose启动,且设置了服务依赖,容器ip(172.17.0.2),可以用容器名取代,例如curl http://web:80
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