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PostgreSQL 安装部署_postgre数据库安装

作者：菜鸟追梦旅行 | 2024-03-01 11:01:43

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postgre数据库安装

Windows 系统下安装

下载地址：Community DL Page

安装PostgreSQL

双击打开安装包，点击Next。

选择安装路径，点击Next。

点击Next

点击Next设置数据存放目录，点击Next。

设置数据库密码，用户名默认postgres，点击Next。

设置数据库端口，默认5432，点击Next。

点击Next

点击Next

等待安装

点击Finish

安装StackBuilder

选择PostgreSQL，点击下一个

选择语言包，点击下一个

点击下一个

弹出正在下载窗口。（如果下载超时，会返回到上一步，继续点下一个，下载成功为止）

点击下一个

选择语言，点击OK

点击Next

点击Next

点击Next

等待安装

点击Finish

点击完成

打开PostgreSQL管理工具pgAdmin

win + s 快捷键，查询pgAdmin。

可以看到PostgreSQL的欢迎界面

输入管理密码，如果之前没有,可以点击下方 Reset Master Password 进行重设。

点击Servers，输入安装PostgreSQL时设置的密码，连接数据库。

点击Dashboard，选择数据库，可以看到数据库的实时状态。

打开psql命令行

win + s 快捷键，查询psql。**

一直回车，直到提示输入密码。

输入密码，回车。

连接成功，进入数据库命令行。

Linux系统下安装（CentOS7.6）

安装RPM包

离线包下载
RPM离线包下载：
15的包下载地址： 
  1. [root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                 | 8.6 kB  00:00:00     
  4. Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-sW1lCJ/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm: pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch
  5. Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-sW1lCJ/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm to be installed
  6. Resolving Dependencies
  7. --> Running transaction check
  8. ---> Package pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-32 will be installed
  9. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  10. base/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  11. base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                                                                             | 153 kB  00:00:01     
  12. base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                           | 6.1 MB  00:00:06     
  13. extras/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  14. extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                         | 250 kB  00:00:00     
  15. updates/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  16. updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                        |  22 MB  --:--:--     
  17.  
  18.  
  19. Dependencies Resolved
  20.  
  21.  
  22. ==========================================================================================================================================================================================================
  23. Package                                          Arch                                   Version                                    Repository                                                       Size
  24. ==========================================================================================================================================================================================================
  25. Installing:
  26. pgdg-redhat-repo                                 noarch                                 42.0-32                                    /pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch                                  13 k
  27.  
  28.  
  29. Transaction Summary
  30. ==========================================================================================================================================================================================================
  31. Install  1 Package
  32.  
  33.  
  34. Total size: 13 k
  35. Installed size: 13 k
  36. Downloading packages:
  37. Running transaction check
  38. Running transaction test
  39. Transaction test succeeded
  40. Running transaction
  41.   Installing : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch                                                                                                                                                        1/1
  42.   Verifying  : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch                                                                                                                                                        1/1
  43.  
  44.  
  45. Installed:
  46.   pgdg-redhat-repo.noarch 0:42.0-32                                                                                                                                                                       
  47.  
  48.  
  49. Complete!

安装数据库

  1. # Install PostgreSQL:
  2. sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server
  3.  
  4. [root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server
  5. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  6. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  7. * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
  8. * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  9. * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  10. pgdg-common/7/x86_64/signature              |  198 B  00:00:00     
  11. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  12. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  13. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  14. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  15. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  16. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  17. pgdg-common/7/x86_64/signature              | 2.9 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  18. pgdg11/7/x86_64/signature                   |  198 B  00:00:00     
  19. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  20. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  21. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  22. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  23. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  24. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  25. pgdg11/7/x86_64/signature                                                                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  26. pgdg12/7/x86_64/signature                                                                                                                                                          |  198 B  00:00:00     
  27. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  28. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  29. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  30. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  31. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  32. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  33. pgdg12/7/x86_64/signature                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  34. pgdg13/7/x86_64/signature                                         |  198 B  00:00:00     
  35. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  36. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  37. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  38. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  39. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  40. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  41. pgdg13/7/x86_64/signature                                                                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  42. pgdg14/7/x86_64/signature                                                                                                                                                          |  198 B  00:00:00     
  43. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  44. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  45. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  46. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  47. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  48. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  49. pgdg14/7/x86_64/signature                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  50. pgdg15/7/x86_64/signature                                          |  198 B  00:00:00     
  51. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  52. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  53. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  54. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  55. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  56. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  57. pgdg15/7/x86_64/signature                                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00 !!!
  58. (1/11): pgdg12/7/x86_64/group_gz                                    |  245 B  00:00:01     
  59. (2/11): pgdg13/7/x86_64/group_gz                                    |  246 B  00:00:00     
  60. (3/11): pgdg-common/7/x86_64/primary_db                             | 191 kB  00:00:03     
  61. (4/11): pgdg14/7/x86_64/group_gz                                    |  244 B  00:00:00     
  62. (5/11): pgdg13/7/x86_64/primary                                     | 316 kB  00:00:03     
  63. (6/11): pgdg15/7/x86_64/group_gz                                    |  246 B  00:00:00     
  64. (7/11): pgdg11/7/x86_64/primary_db                                  | 510 kB  00:00:05     
  65. (8/11): pgdg15/7/x86_64/primary_db                                  | 132 kB  00:00:01     
  66. (9/11): pgdg14/7/x86_64/primary_db                                  | 219 kB  00:00:02     
  67. (10/11): pgdg11/7/x86_64/group_gz                                   |  245 B  00:00:06     
  68. (11/11): pgdg12/7/x86_64/primary_db                                 | 397 kB  00:00:08     
  69. Resolving Dependencies
  70. --> Running transaction check
  71. ---> Package postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  72. --> Processing Dependency: postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  73. --> Processing Dependency: postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  74. --> Processing Dependency: libzstd.so.1()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  75. --> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  76. --> Running transaction check
  77. ---> Package postgresql15.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  78. --> Processing Dependency: libzstd >= 1.4.0 for package: postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  79. --> Processing Dependency: libzstd.so.1()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  80. ---> Package postgresql15-libs.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  81. ---> Package postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  82. --> Processing Dependency: libzstd.so.1()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  83. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  84. Error: Package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
  85.            Requires: libzstd.so.1()(64bit)
  86. Error: Package: postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
  87.            Requires: libzstd.so.1()(64bit)
  88. Error: Package: postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
  89.            Requires: libzstd >= 1.4.0
  90. You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
  91. You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest

报错提示缺少环境依赖包  libzstd.so.1()，安装以下包文件
yum install epel-release.noarch -y
yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y

 如果离线，依赖包下载（CentOS7 x86_64）：

epel-release：https://centos.pkgs.org/7/centos-extras-x86_64/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm.html

libzstd：https://rhel.pkgs.org/7/epel-x86_64/libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm.html

注意前置依赖环境

  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum install epel-release.noarch -y
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
  5. * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
  6. * updates: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
  7. Resolving Dependencies
  8. --> Running transaction check
  9. ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
  10. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  11.  
  12. Dependencies Resolved
  13.  
  14. ====================================================================================================================================================
  15. Package                                Arch                         Version                   Repository               Size
  16. ====================================================================================================================================================
  17. Installing:
  18. epel-release                           noarch                         7-11                       extras                 15 k
  19.  
  20. Transaction Summary
  21. ====================================================================================================================================================
  22. Install  1 Package
  23.  
  24. Total download size: 15 k
  25. Installed size: 24 k
  26. Downloading packages:
  27. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packages/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
  28. Public key for epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm is not installed
  29. epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm                |  15 kB  00:00:00
  30. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  31. Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
  32. Userid     : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
  33. Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
  34. Package    : centos-release-7-9.2009.0.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda)
  35. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
  36. Running transaction check
  37. Running transaction test
  38. Transaction test succeeded
  39. Running transaction
  40.   Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                    1/1
  41.   Verifying  : epel-release-7-11.noarch                                    1/1
  42. Installed:
  43.   epel-release.noarch 0:7-11                                                                                                                                                                              
  44. Complete!
  1. [root@localhost ~]# yum install libzstd.x86_64 -y
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. epel/x86_64/metalink                               | 8.0 kB  00:00:00     
  5. * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  6. * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  7. * extras: mirrors.cqu.edu.cn
  8. * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  9. epel                                               | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
  10. (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz                        |  99 kB  00:00:01     
  11. (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                      | 1.0 MB  00:00:02     
  12. (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db                      | 7.0 MB  00:00:05     
  13. Resolving Dependencies
  14. --> Running transaction check
  15. ---> Package libzstd.x86_64 0:1.5.5-1.el7 will be installed
  16. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  17.  
  18. Dependencies Resolved
  19.  
  20. ====================================================================================================================================================Package                       Arch                       Version                 Repository                                    Size
  21. ====================================================================================================================================================
  22. Installing:
  23. libzstd                       x86_64                     1.5.5-1.el7               epel                                        292 k
  24.  
  25. Transaction Summary
  26. ====================================================================================================================================================
  27. Install  1 Package
  28.  
  29. Total download size: 292 k
  30. Installed size: 775 k
  31. Downloading packages:
  32. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY==========================         ]  78 kB/s | 258 kB  00:00:00 ETA
  33. Public key for libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  34. libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                  | 292 kB  00:00:01     
  35. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
  36. Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5:
  37. Userid     : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>"
  38. Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5
  39. Package    : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras)
  40. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
  41. Running transaction check
  42. Running transaction test
  43. Transaction test succeeded
  44. Running transaction
  45.   Installing : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64                     1/1
  46.   Verifying  : libzstd-1.5.5-1.el7.x86_64                     1/1
  47.  
  48. Installed:
  49.   libzstd.x86_64 0:1.5.5-1.el7                             
  50.  
  51. Complete!


再次安装
yum install -y postgresql15-server

  1. [root@localhost ~]# sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4. * base: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
  5. * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  6. * extras: mirrors.bupt.edu.cn
  7. * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
  8. Resolving Dependencies
  9. --> Running transaction check
  10. ---> Package postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  11. --> Processing Dependency: postgresql15-libs(x86-64) = 15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  12. --> Processing Dependency: postgresql15(x86-64) = 15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  13. --> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.5()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
  14. --> Running transaction check
  15. ---> Package postgresql15.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  16. ---> Package postgresql15-libs.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
  17. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  18.  
  19. Dependencies Resolved
  20.  
  21. ====================================================================================================================================================
  22. Package                                                 Arch                                       Version                                              Repository                                  Size
  23. ====================================================================================================================================================
  24. Installing:
  25. postgresql15-server                                     x86_64                                     15.4-1PGDG.rhel7                                     pgdg15                                     5.7 M
  26. Installing for dependencies:
  27. postgresql15                                            x86_64                                     15.4-1PGDG.rhel7                                     pgdg15                                     1.6 M
  28. postgresql15-libs                                       x86_64                                     15.4-1PGDG.rhel7                                     pgdg15                                     284 k
  29.  
  30. Transaction Summary
  31. ====================================================================================================================================================
  32. Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
  33.  
  34. Total download size: 7.5 M
  35. Installed size: 33 M
  36. Downloading packages:
  37. warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg15/packages/postgresql15-libs-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY ] 111 kB/s | 207 kB  00:01:07 ETA
  38. Public key for postgresql15-libs-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
  39. (1/3): postgresql15-libs-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm   | 284 kB  00:00:02     
  40. (2/3): postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm        | 1.6 MB  00:00:10     
  41. (3/3): postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.7 MB  00:00:26     
  42. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  43. Total                                               263 kB/s | 7.5 MB  00:00:29     
  44.  
  45. Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  46. Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
  47. Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsql-pkg-yum@postgresql.org>"
  48. Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
  49. Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-32.noarch (@/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch)
  50. From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
  51. Running transaction check
  52. Running transaction test
  53. Transaction test succeeded
  54. Running transaction
  55.   Installing : postgresql15-libs-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64            1/3
  56.   Installing : postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                 2/3
  57.   Installing : postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64          3/3
  58.   Verifying  : postgresql15-libs-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64            1/3
  59.   Verifying  : postgresql15-server-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64          2/3
  60.   Verifying  : postgresql15-15.4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                 3/3
  61.  
  62. Installed:
  63.   postgresql15-server.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7                  
  64.  
  65. Dependency Installed:
  66.   postgresql15.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7      postgresql15-libs.x86_64 0:15.4-1PGDG.rhel7
  67.  
  68. Complete!
安装成功。
 

初始化数据库并设置自启动

  1. # Optionally initialize the database and enable automatic start:
  2. sudo /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb
  3. sudo systemctl enable postgresql-15
  4. sudo systemctl start postgresql-15
  5.  
  6. [root@localhost ~]# sudo /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb
  7. Initializing database ... OK
  8. [root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl enable postgresql-15
  9. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-15.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-15.service.
  10. [root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl start postgresql-15

感谢  PostgreSQL中文社区：PostgreSQL中文社区:: 世界上功能最强大的开源数据库...

感谢  民工哥技术之路 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/645899384

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