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上一篇文章我们自己手动实现了softmax回归模型,本文我们将直接使用Pytorch提供的模型实现softmax模型,这种方式更加简便快捷。
使用Pytorch来实现一个softmax回归模型。首先导入所需的包或模块。
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import init
import numpy as np
import sys
import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l
我们仍然使用Fashion-MNIST数据集和上一篇文章中设置的批量大小。
batch_size = 256
train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size)
因为softmax回归的输出层是一个全连接层,所以我们用一个线性模块就可以了。因为前面我们数据返回的每个batch样本x
的形状为(batch_size, 1, 28, 28), 所以我们要先用view()
将x
的形状转换成(batch_size, 784)才送入全连接层。
num_inputs = 784
num_outputs = 10
class LinearNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, num_inputs, num_outputs):
super(LinearNet, self).__init__()
self.linear = nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs)
def forward(self, x): # x shape: (batch, 1, 28, 28)
y = self.linear(x.view(x.shape[0], -1))
return y
net = LinearNet(num_inputs, num_outputs)
我们将对x
的形状转换的这个功能自定义一个FlattenLayer
。
class FlattenLayer(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(FlattenLayer, self).__init__()
def forward(self, x): # x shape: (batch, *, *, ...)
return x.view(x.shape[0], -1)
这样我们就可以更方便地定义我们的模型:
from collections import OrderedDict
net = nn.Sequential(
# FlattenLayer(),
# nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs)
OrderedDict([
('flatten', FlattenLayer()),
('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs))
])
)
然后,我们使用均值为0、标准差为0.01的正态分布随机初始化模型的权重参数。
init.normal_(net.linear.weight, mean=0, std=0.01)
init.constant_(net.linear.bias, val=0)
PyTorch提供了一个包括softmax运算和交叉熵损失计算的函数CrossEntropyLoss。
loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
我们使用学习率为0.1的小批量随机梯度下降作为优化算法。
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.1)
接下来,我们使用上一节中定义的训练函数来训练模型。
num_epochs = 5
d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)
输出:
epoch 1, loss 0.0031, train acc 0.745, test acc 0.790
epoch 2, loss 0.0022, train acc 0.812, test acc 0.807
epoch 3, loss 0.0021, train acc 0.825, test acc 0.806
epoch 4, loss 0.0020, train acc 0.832, test acc 0.810
epoch 5, loss 0.0019, train acc 0.838, test acc 0.823
import torch from torch import nn from torch.nn import init import numpy as np import sys import d2lzh_pytorch as d2l batch_size = 256 train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size) num_inputs = 784 num_outputs = 10 class LinearNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_inputs, num_outputs): super(LinearNet, self).__init__() self.linear = nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs) def forward(self, x): # x shape: (batch, 1, 28, 28) y = self.linear(x.view(x.shape[0], -1)) return y # 将图片进行展开 class FlattenLayer(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(FlattenLayer, self).__init__() def forward(self, x): # x shape: (batch, *, *, ...) return x.view(x.shape[0], -1) # 定义模型 from collections import OrderedDict net = nn.Sequential( # FlattenLayer(), # nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs) OrderedDict([ ('flatten', FlattenLayer()), ('linear', nn.Linear(num_inputs, num_outputs)) ]) ) # 初始化模型 init.normal_(net.linear.weight, mean=0, std=0.01) init.constant_(net.linear.bias, val=0) # 损失函数 loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 使用学习率为0.1的小批量随机梯度下降作为优化算法 optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.1) num_epochs = 5 d2l.train_ch3(net, train_iter, test_iter, loss, num_epochs, batch_size, None, None, optimizer)
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