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Spark中多分区写文件前可以不排序么

Spark中多分区写文件前可以不排序么

背景

Spark 3.5.0
目前 Spark中的实现中,对于多分区的写入默认会先排序,这是没必要的。可以设置spark.sql.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters 为大于0来避免排序。

分析

这部分主要分为三个部分:
一个是V1Writes规则的重改;
另一个是FileFormatWriter中的dataWriter的选择;
还有一个是Spark中为什么会加上Sort
这三部分是需要结合在一起分析讨论的

V1Writes规则的重改

直接转到代码部分:

object V1Writes extends Rule[LogicalPlan] with SQLConfHelper {

  import V1WritesUtils._

  override def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = {
    if (conf.plannedWriteEnabled) {
      plan.transformUp {
        case write: V1WriteCommand if !write.child.isInstanceOf[WriteFiles] =>
          val newQuery = prepareQuery(write, write.query)
          val attrMap = AttributeMap(write.query.output.zip(newQuery.output))
          val writeFiles = WriteFiles(newQuery, write.fileFormat, write.partitionColumns,
            write.bucketSpec, write.options, write.staticPartitions)
          val newChild = writeFiles.transformExpressions {
            case a: Attribute if attrMap.contains(a) =>
              a.withExprId(attrMap(a).exprId)
          }
          val newWrite = write.withNewChildren(newChild :: Nil).transformExpressions {
            case a: Attribute if attrMap.contains(a) =>
              a.withExprId(attrMap(a).exprId)
          }
          newWrite
      }
    } else {
      plan
    }
  }
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其中 prepareQuery是对满足条件的计划前加上Sort逻辑排序,其中prepareQuery关键的代码如下:

    val requiredOrdering = write.requiredOrdering.map(_.transform {
      case a: Attribute => attrMap.getOrElse(a, a)
    }.asInstanceOf[SortOrder])
    val outputOrdering = empty2NullPlan.outputOrdering
    val orderingMatched = isOrderingMatched(requiredOrdering.map(_.child), outputOrdering)
    if (orderingMatched) {
      empty2NullPlan
    } else {
      Sort(requiredOrdering, global = false, empty2NullPlan)
    }
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write.requiredOrdering中涉及到的类为InsertIntoHadoopFsRelationCommandInsertIntoHiveTable,且这两个物理计划中的requiredOrdering实现都是:

V1WritesUtils.getSortOrder(outputColumns, partitionColumns, bucketSpec, options)
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getSortOrder方法关键代码如下:

    val sortColumns = V1WritesUtils.getBucketSortColumns(bucketSpec, dataColumns)
    if (SQLConf.get.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters > 0 && sortColumns.isEmpty) {
      // Do not insert logical sort when concurrent output writers are enabled.
      Seq.empty
    } else {
      // We should first sort by dynamic partition columns, then bucket id, and finally sorting
      // columns.
      (dynamicPartitionColumns ++ writerBucketSpec.map(_.bucketIdExpression) ++ sortColumns)
        .map(SortOrder(_, Ascending))
    }
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所以说 如果 spark.sql.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters为0默认值为0),则会加上Sort逻辑计划,具体的实现可以参考SPARK-37287
如果spark.sql.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters为0(默认值为0)且 sortColumns为空(大部分情况下为空,除非建表是partition加上bucket),则不会加上Sort逻辑计划

FileFormatWriter 中的dataWriter的选择

InsertIntoHadoopFsRelationCommandInsertIntoHiveTable 这两个物理计划中,最终写入文件/数据的时候,会调用到FileFormatWriter.write方法,这里有个concurrentOutputWriterSpecFunc函数变量的设置:

      val concurrentOutputWriterSpecFunc = (plan: SparkPlan) => {
        val sortPlan = createSortPlan(plan, requiredOrdering, outputSpec)
        createConcurrentOutputWriterSpec(sparkSession, sortPlan, sortColumns)
      }
      val writeSpec = WriteFilesSpec(
        description = description,
        committer = committer,
        concurrentOutputWriterSpecFunc = concurrentOutputWriterSpecFunc
      )
      executeWrite(sparkSession, plan, writeSpec, job)
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设置concurrentOutputWriterSpecFunc的代码如下:

  private def createConcurrentOutputWriterSpec(
      sparkSession: SparkSession,
      sortPlan: SortExec,
      sortColumns: Seq[Attribute]): Option[ConcurrentOutputWriterSpec] = {
    val maxWriters = sparkSession.sessionState.conf.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters
    val concurrentWritersEnabled = maxWriters > 0 && sortColumns.isEmpty
    if (concurrentWritersEnabled) {
      Some(ConcurrentOutputWriterSpec(maxWriters, () => sortPlan.createSorter()))
    } else {
      None
    }
  }
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如果 spark.sql.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters为0(默认值为0),则ConcurrentOutputWriterSpec为None
如果 spark.sql.maxConcurrentOutputFileWriters大于0sortColumns为空(大部分情况下为空,除非建表是partition加上bucket),则为Some(ConcurrentOutputWriterSpec(maxWriters, () => sortPlan.createSorter())

其中executeWrite会调用WriteFilesExec.doExecuteWrite方法,从而调用FileFormatWriter.executeTask,这里就涉及到dataWriter选择:

    val dataWriter =
      if (sparkPartitionId != 0 && !iterator.hasNext) {
        // In case of empty job, leave first partition to save meta for file format like parquet.
        new EmptyDirectoryDataWriter(description, taskAttemptContext, committer)
      } else if (description.partitionColumns.isEmpty && description.bucketSpec.isEmpty) {
        new SingleDirectoryDataWriter(description, taskAttemptContext, committer)
      } else {
        concurrentOutputWriterSpec match {
          case Some(spec) =>
            new DynamicPartitionDataConcurrentWriter(
              description, taskAttemptContext, committer, spec)
          case _ =>
            new DynamicPartitionDataSingleWriter(description, taskAttemptContext, committer)
        }
      }
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这里其实会根据 concurrentOutputWriterSpec来选择不同的dataWriter,默认情况下为DynamicPartitionDataSingleWriter
否则就会为DynamicPartitionDataConcurrentWriter
这两者的区别,见下文

Spark中为什么会加上Sort

至于Spark在写入文件的时候会加上Sort,这个是跟写入的实现有关的,也就是DynamicPartitionDataSingleWriterDynamicPartitionDataConcurrentWriter的区别:

  • DynamicPartitionDataSingleWriter 在任何时刻,只有一个writer在写文件,这能保证写入的稳定性,不会在写入文件的时候消耗大量的内存,但是速度会慢
  • DynamicPartitionDataConcurrentWriter 会有多个 writer 同时写文件,能加快写入文件的速度,但是因为多个文件的同时写入,可能会导致OOM

对于DynamicPartitionDataSingleWriter 会根据partition或者bucket作为最细粒度来作为writer的标准,如果相邻的两条记录所属不同的partition或者bucket,则会切换writer,所以说如果不根据partition或者bucket排序的话,会导致writer频繁的切换,这会大大降低文件的写入速度。所以说需要根据partition或者bucket进行排序。

参考

  1. [SPARK-37287][SQL] Pull out dynamic partition and bucket sort from FileFormatWriter
  2. [SQL] Allow FileFormatWriter to write multiple partitions/buckets without sort
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