Appium+Python第一篇：appium的基本使用及启动APP_python appium

一、appium的基本使用

appium环境安装

1、安装Android SDK

（1）配置环境变量

• 用户变量的path添加以下三个路径：
  %ANDROID_HOME%\build-tools\31.0.0
  %ANDROID_HOME%\platform-tools
  %ANDROID_HOME%\tools
  - 系统变量添加：
  变量名：ANDROID_HONE
  变量值：安装的具体路径
  
  （2）cmd中输入：android和adb来查看是否安装成功

2、安装Appium

全点下一步就行

3、安装手机模拟器

个人安装的是夜神模拟器【目前换成雷电了，感觉雷电更好用】

4、Pycharm安装 appium-python-alicent

终端里输入pip install Appium-Python-Client

5、连接appium和模拟器

有的模拟器会自动连上（雷电模拟器打开后，可以自动连接appium），如果需要手动连接，可尝试以下操作：
第一步：模拟器中打开“开发者选项”，设置-关于手机-版本号，连点五次版本号就可以打开
第二步：可参考该文章的连接方式：https://blog.csdn.net/y2Candice/article/details/100581044
连接中碰见的问题：

• 问题：error: protocol fault (couldn‘t read status): Connection reset by peer，则说明端口号被占用，5037是adb的默认端口号
• 解决方法：查看哪个程序占用了adb端口，结束这个程序，然后重启adb
• 解决步骤：
  1：使用命令：netstat -aon|findstr “5037” 找到占用5037端口的进程PID。
  
  2：使用命令：tasklist|findstr “30312” 通过PID找出进程。
  
  3：使用命令：taskkill /pid 30312 /f 通过PID关闭进程。
  
  4：使用命令:adb start-server 启动adb就行了
  
  最后再dbc devices 查看一下是否连上了

6、Python代码调用appium软件，appium软件在通过adb命令调用android操作系统（模拟器/真机）

appium的使用流程

1、 Appium Python API地址

Appium Python API 中文版：https://testerhome.com/topics/3711
appium官方文档地址：http://appium.io/docs/cn/about-appium/intro/#_1

2、准备工作

（1）appium启动
（2）连接手机或者启动模拟器
（3）通过adb命令查看设备是否已连接
（4）启动参数配置

• Appium 服务器初始化参数

Android 独有

iOS 独有

使用 XCUITest(iOS 独有)

3、启动参数配置及启动APP

• app启动参数及启动app的完整代码

from appium.webdriver import Remote  #引入打开软件的包

#app的启动参数
desired_cap={
    "platformName":"Android",   #手机系统
    "platformVersion": "7.1.2",  #手机系统版本
    "deviceName":'HUAWEI',  #手机的名字，不会进行校验，但是没有会报错
    "automationName":"UiAutomator2",#自动化测试框架 （1.4以上的appium不用写）
    "appPackage":"com.taobao.taobao",#app包名
    "appActivity":"com.taobao.tao.welcome.Welcome",#app的启动页面
}

driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=desired_cap)
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• APP包名获取
  第一步：打开apk所在的文件夹，文件夹的路径上输入cmd，回车
  第二步：

#aapt:安卓资源打包工具
aapt dump badging  app应用.apk     #apk的名字最好是英文，否则会出问题
例如：aapt dump badging taobao.apk
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启动时碰到的坑！！！

• 错误提示：

D:\pycharm\Python\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/Wheat/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/app_01day_project/demo1_appium入门.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 175, in _new_conn
    (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 96, in create_connection
    raise err
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 86, in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
ConnectionRefusedError: [WinError 10061] 由于目标计算机积极拒绝，无法连接。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 706, in urlopen
    chunked=chunked,
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 394, in _make_request
    conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 239, in request
    super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\http\client.py", line 1262, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\http\client.py", line 1308, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\http\client.py", line 1257, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\http\client.py", line 1028, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\http\client.py", line 968, in send
    self.connect()
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 205, in connect
    conn = self._new_conn()
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 187, in _new_conn
    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x00000168E72F4588>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10061] 由于目标计算机积极拒绝，无法连接。

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Wheat/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/app_01day_project/demo1_appium入门.py", line 13, in <module>
    driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=desired_cap)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 274, in __init__
    AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive), desired_capabilities, browser_profile, proxy
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 268, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 364, in start_session
    response = self.execute(RemoteCommand.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 422, in execute
    response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\remote_connection.py", line 421, in execute
    return self._request(command_info[0], url, body=data)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\remote_connection.py", line 443, in _request
    resp = self._conn.request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\request.py", line 79, in request
    method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\request.py", line 170, in request_encode_body
    return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\poolmanager.py", line 375, in urlopen
    response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 796, in urlopen
    **response_kw
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 796, in urlopen
    **response_kw
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 796, in urlopen
    **response_kw
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 756, in urlopen
    method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
  File "D:\pycharm\Python\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 574, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=4444): Max retries exceeded with url: /wd/hub/session (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x00000168E72F4588>: Failed to establish a new connection: [WinError 10061] 由于目标计算机积极拒绝，无法连接。'))

Process finished with exit code 1

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• 解决步骤
  第一步：

driver = Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',desired_capabilities=desired_cap)   
command_executor的端口号一定要与appium上给你一致；这样就解决一部分的bug了
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第二步：
Encountered internal error running command: Error: activity and pkg are required to start an application

原因：启动参数的名称写错了
正确的应该是 “appActivity”

4、appium的功能介绍

（1）三种模式

• Simple：简单模式
  Edit Configurations：可以配置android sdk和Java sdk的环境地址，如果之前已经配置好，会有默认的地址

• Advanced：高级模式
  可以勾选一下
  

• Presets：预设；可以存放已配置好的配置，直接用就可

（2）
如果某处有id，元素id值是唯一的，所以可用id去进行定位

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