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Qt串口基本设置与协议收发、波形显示_qt串口通信的接收与发送

作者：Monodyee | 2024-05-06 19:53:49

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qt串口通信的接收与发送

2023.10.23更新

2023.9.18更新

增加了一个PID调参的模块

PID算法之前在验证电机时是可用的

由于我没有实物可演示PID，所以写了个虚拟的PID，故调参效果看起来怪怪的

不过重点不在PID调参，而是命令的下发与接收

其他方面跟之前更新的波形显示没什么区别

Qt上位机PID调参_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

Qt上位机PID调参

2023.9.17更新

支持开始显示、停止显示

波形数据写到TXT文件

Excel、Python或MATLAB对数据进行进一步地分析

  1. QVector<QString> waveArray;
  2.  
  3. QDateTime curTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
  4. QString date = curTime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"); //设置显示格式
  5. QString time = curTime.toString("hh:mm:ss:zzz"); //设置显示格式
  6. waveArray<<date<<"\t"<<time<<"\t"<<QString::number(receiveParsingData)<<"\n";

每接受一帧数据则对数据进行保存 

  1. void MainWindow::waveDataOutputToFile()
  2. {
  3.     QFileDialog dlg(this);
  4.  
  5.     //获取内容的保存路径
  6.     QString fileName = dlg.getSaveFileName(this, tr("Save As"), "./", tr("Text File(*.txt)"));
  7.  
  8.     if( fileName == "" )
  9.     {
  10.         return;
  11.     }
  12.  
  13.     //内容保存到路径文件
  14.     QFile file(fileName);
  15.  
  16.     //以文本方式打开
  17.     if( file.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly | QIODevice::Text) )
  18.     {
  19.         QTextStream out(&file); //IO设备对象的地址对其进行初始化
  20.  
  21.         QVector<QString>::iterator iter;
  22.         for (iter=waveArray.begin();iter!=waveArray.end();iter++)
  23.             out  <<  *iter << "\0";
  24.  
  25.         QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Finish"), tr("Successfully save the file!"));
  26.  
  27.         file.close();
  28.         waveArray.clear();
  29.     }
  30.     else
  31.     {
  32.         QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Error"), tr("File to open file!"));
  33.     }
  34. }

文件输出

Qt上位机波形显示与数据保存_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

Qt上位机波形显示与数据保存

2023.9.15更新

将单片机ADC采集到的电压进行组包

Qt收到后进行拆包

  1. void MainWindow::parsingData(QByteArray *protocalData)
  2. {
  3.     uchar preFix = 0xA5;
  4.     uchar cmd1Rcv = 0xAB;
  5.     uchar cmd2Rcv = 0x11;
  6.     uchar crc = 0;
  7.     uchar temp = 0;
  8.     temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(0));
  9.     if(static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(0)) == preFix)
  10.     {
  11.         for(int i=1; i<protocalData->length()-2; i++)
  12.         {
  13.             temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(i));
  14.             crc += static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(i));
  15.         }
  16.         temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2));
  17.         if(crc != static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2)))
  18.         {
  19.             return;
  20.         }
  21.         uchar cmd1 = protocalData->at(2);
  22.         uchar cmd2 = protocalData->at(3);
  23.         uchar data = protocalData->at(4);
  24.  
  25.         if((cmd1==cmd1Rcv) && (cmd2 ==cmd2Rcv))
  26.         {
  27.             uchar uData[4];
  28.             uData[0] = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(4));
  29.             uData[1] = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(5));
  30.             uData[2] = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(6));
  31.             uData[3] = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(7));
  32.             *(int *)&receiveParsingData = *(int *)&uData;
  33.             ui->lcdnumber_vlotage->display(receiveParsingData);
  34.         }
  35.     }
  36. }

LCD显示当前电压

Qt上位机显示动态数据_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

Qt上位机显示动态数据

2023.9.14更新

从协议中进行数据截取

波形显示

graphicsView放大缩小、原始大小

2023.9.12更新

中文显示

发送/接受 帧计数

文件输出

支持时间戳模式自动换行

HEX接收时自动用空格分隔

前言

1.一直都想要做一个Qt上位机，趁着这个周末有时间，动手写一下

2.comboBox没有点击的信号，所以做了一个触发的功能

3.Qt的数据类型很奇怪，转来转去的我也搞得很迷糊

4.给自己挖个坑，下一期做一个查看波形的上位机

有纰漏请指出，转载请说明。

学习交流请发邮件 1280253714@qq.com

串口功能

波特率设置

串口开关

串口异常检测

字符串/HEX收发

定时发送

接收数据分隔

协议组包

协议拆包

源代码

widget.h

  1. #ifndef WIDGET_H
  2. #define WIDGET_H
  3.  
  4. #include <QWidget>
  5. #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPort>         // 提供访问串口的功能
  6. #include <QtSerialPort/QSerialPortInfo>      // 提供系统中存在的串口信息
  7. #include <QTime>
  8. #include <QtCharts>
  9. #include <QTimer>
  10.  
  11. QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
  12. namespace Ui { class Widget; }
  13. QT_END_NAMESPACE
  14.  
  15. class Widget : public QWidget
  16. {
  17.     Q_OBJECT
  18.  
  19.     //用于表格设置
  20.     enum FieldColNum {
  21.         colTime,
  22.         colCmd1,
  23.         colCmd2,
  24.         colData,
  25.     };
  26.     enum CellType {
  27.         ctTime,
  28.         ctCmd1,
  29.         ctCmd2,
  30.         ctData,
  31.     };
  32. public:
  33.     int tableRowCnt = 0;
  34. public:
  35.     Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
  36.     ~Widget();
  37.     void serialPortInit();  //串口初始化
  38.     void windowInit();      //显示窗口初始化
  39.     void refreshCom();      //刷新串口
  40.     void tableInit();       //表格初始化
  41.     void createItemsARow(int rowNum, QByteArray *protocalData); //表格新建一行
  42.     QString ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray &ba);
  43. private:
  44.     Ui::Widget *ui;
  45.     QSerialPort* serialPort;
  46. public slots:
  47.     void comboBoxClicked(); //comboBox被点击
  48. private slots:
  49.  
  50.     void sendData();            //发送串口数据
  51.     void receiveData();         //接收串口数据
  52.     void openSerialport();      //串口开启
  53.     void closeSerialport();     //串口关闭
  54.     void setBuad(int);          //设置波特率
  55.     void clearRcv();            //清楚接收缓存
  56.     void on_btnConvert_clicked();   //转换按钮被点击
  57.     void on_btnClear_clicked();     //清楚转化的按钮被点击
  58.     void sendProtocalHexData();     //以hex格式发送串口数据
  59.     void handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError serialPortErr); //串口异常捕获
  60. };
  61.  
  62.  
  63. #endif // WIDGET_H

widget.cpp

  1. #include "widget.h"
  2. #include "ui_widget.h"
  3. #include "newcombobox.h"
  4. #include <algorithm>
  5.  
  6.  
  7. Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
  8.     : QWidget(parent)
  9.     , ui(new Ui::Widget)
  10. {
  11.     ui->setupUi(this);
  12.  
  13.     //创建一个定时器用来定时发送
  14.     QTimer *timer1 = new QTimer();
  15.     timer1->start(1000);
  16.     connect(timer1,&QTimer::timeout,[=](){
  17.         int timed = ui->comboBox_timedSend->currentText().toInt();
  18.         timer1->start(timed);
  19.         if(ui->checkBox_timedSend->isChecked() == true)
  20.         {
  21.             sendData();
  22.         }
  23.     });
  24.  
  25.     windowInit();
  26.     tableInit();
  27.     serialPort = new QSerialPort();
  28.     serialPortInit();
  29.  
  30.  
  31.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(receiveData()));
  32.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)),this,SLOT(handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)));
  33.     connect(ui->pushButton_sendData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sendData()));
  34.     connect(ui->pushButton_openSerialPort,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(openSerialport()));
  35.     connect(ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(closeSerialport()));
  36.     connect(ui->comboBox_chooseCom,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(comboBoxClicked()));
  37.     connect(ui->pushButton_clearRcv,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(clearRcv()));
  38.     connect(ui->pushButton_convert,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_btnConvert_clicked()));
  39.     connect(ui->pushButton_clearConvertData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_btnClear_clicked()));
  40.     connect(ui->pushButton_sendProtocalData,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(sendProtocalHexData()));
  41.     connect(serialPort,SIGNAL(errorOccurred(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)),this,SLOT(handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError)));
  42.     connect(ui->comboBox_setBuad,SIGNAL(activated(int)),this,SLOT(setBuad(int)));
  43. }
  44.  
  45. Widget::~Widget()
  46. {
  47.     delete ui;
  48. }
  49.  
  50. //串口异常捕获
  51. void Widget::handleSerialError(QSerialPort::SerialPortError serialPortErr)
  52. {
  53.     if(serialPortErr == QSerialPort::ResourceError)
  54.     {
  55.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "设备拔出", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
  56.         closeSerialport();
  57.     }
  58.     if(serialPortErr == QSerialPort::DeviceNotFoundError)
  59.     {
  60.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "找不到串口", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
  61.         closeSerialport();
  62.     }
  63. }
  64.  
  65. void Widget::comboBoxClicked()
  66. {
  67.     refreshCom();
  68. }
  69.  
  70. void Widget::windowInit()
  71. {
  72.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
  73.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
  74.     ui->pushButton_sendData->setEnabled(false);
  75.     setWindowTitle(tr("串口收发"));
  76.  
  77.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("10");
  78.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("100");
  79.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->addItem("1000");
  80.     ui->comboBox_timedSend->setCurrentIndex(2);
  81. }
  82.  
  83. void Widget::refreshCom()
  84. {
  85.     //显示串口列表
  86.     ui->comboBox_chooseCom->clear();
  87.     foreach(QSerialPortInfo portInfo, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
  88.         ui->comboBox_chooseCom->addItem(portInfo.portName()+":"+portInfo.description());
  89.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(ui->comboBox_chooseCom->count()>0);	//
  90. }
  91.  
  92. void Widget::serialPortInit(){
  93.  
  94.     refreshCom();
  95.  
  96.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("9600");
  97.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("115200");
  98.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->addItem("921600");
  99.     ui->comboBox_setBuad->setCurrentIndex(1);
  100.  
  101. }
  102.  
  103. void Widget::tableInit()
  104. {
  105.     QStringList headerText;
  106.     headerText<<"时间"<<"命令1"<<"命令2"<<"数据";
  107.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnCount(headerText.size());      //设置表格列数
  108.     ui->tableWidget->resizeColumnsToContents();
  109.     for (int i=0;i<ui->tableWidget->columnCount();i++)
  110.     {
  111.         QTableWidgetItem *headerItem=new QTableWidgetItem(headerText.at(i));
  112.         QFont font=headerItem->font();   //获取原有字体设置
  113.         font.setBold(true);              //设置为粗体
  114.         font.setPointSize(10);           //字体大小
  115.         headerItem->setForeground(QBrush(Qt::black));  //设置文字颜色
  116.         headerItem->setFont(font);       //设置字体
  117.         ui->tableWidget->setHorizontalHeaderItem(i,headerItem);    //设置表头单元格的item
  118.     }
  119.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(0, 60);
  120.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(1, 50);
  121.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(2, 50);
  122.     ui->tableWidget->setColumnWidth(3, 250);
  123. }
  124.  
  125. //为一行的单元格创建 Items
  126. void Widget::createItemsARow(int rowNum, QByteArray *protocalData)
  127. {
  128.     uchar preFix = 0xA5;
  129.     uchar crc = 0;
  130.     uchar temp = 0;
  131.     temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(0));
  132.     if(static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(0)) == preFix)
  133.     {
  134.         for(int i=1; i<protocalData->length()-2; i++)
  135.         {
  136.             temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(i));
  137.             crc += static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(i));
  138.         }
  139.         temp = static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2));
  140.         if(crc != static_cast<uchar>(protocalData->at(protocalData->length()-2)))
  141.         {
  142.             return;
  143.         }
  144.         uchar len = protocalData->at(1);
  145.         uchar cmd1 = protocalData->at(2);
  146.         uchar cmd2 = protocalData->at(3);
  147.         QByteArray data = protocalData->mid(4,len-6);
  148.         QDateTime curTime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();//获取系统现在的时间
  149.         QString time = curTime.toString("hh:mm:ss"); //设置显示格式
  150.  
  151.         uint8_t str1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(cmd1);
  152.         QString hexStr1 = QString("%1").arg(str1, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper();
  153.         uint8_t str2 = static_cast<uint8_t>(cmd2);
  154.         QString hexStr2 = QString("%1").arg(str2, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper();
  155.         QString testdata = ByteArrayToHexString(data).toLatin1().toUpper();
  156.  
  157.         QTableWidgetItem *item = new QTableWidgetItem(time, ctTime);
  158.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colTime, item);
  159.  
  160.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(hexStr1, ctCmd1);
  161.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colCmd1, item);
  162.  
  163.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(hexStr2, ctCmd2);
  164.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colCmd2, item);
  165.  
  166.         item = new QTableWidgetItem(testdata, ctData);
  167.         ui->tableWidget->setItem(rowNum, colData, item);
  168.     }
  169.  
  170.  
  171.     auto lastRowIndex = ui->tableWidget->rowCount()-1; // 最后一行的索引
  172.     auto lastModelIndex = ui->tableWidget->model()->index(lastRowIndex, 0);
  173.     ui->tableWidget->scrollTo(lastModelIndex);         // 滚动到最后一行
  174. }
  175.  
  176. QString Widget::ByteArrayToHexString(QByteArray &ba)
  177. {
  178.     QDataStream out(&ba,QIODevice::ReadWrite);   //将str的数据 读到out里面去
  179.     QString buf;
  180.     while(!out.atEnd())
  181.     {
  182.         qint8 outChar = 0;
  183.         out >> outChar;   //每次一个字节的填充到 outchar
  184.         QString str = QString("%1").arg(outChar&0xFF,2,16,QLatin1Char('0')).toUpper() + QString(" ");   //2 字符宽度
  185.         buf += str;
  186.     }
  187.     return buf;
  188. }
  189.  
  190. void Widget::sendData()
  191. {
  192.     QString message = ui->lineEdit_sendData->text();
  193.     if(ui->checkBox_hexSend->isChecked() == true)
  194.     {
  195.         serialPort->write(QByteArray::fromHex(message.toLatin1()));
  196.     }
  197.     else
  198.     {
  199.         serialPort->write(message.toLatin1());
  200.     }
  201. }
  202.  
  203. void Widget::receiveData()
  204. {
  205.     QByteArray message;
  206.     QString hexMsg;
  207.     message.append(serialPort->readAll());
  208.     QDateTime time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();  //获取系统现在的时间
  209.     QString date = time.toString("hh:mm:ss");       //设置显示格式
  210.     if(ui->checkBox_hexRcv->isChecked() == true)
  211.     {
  212.         tableRowCnt++;
  213.         ui->tableWidget->setRowCount(tableRowCnt);
  214.         createItemsARow(tableRowCnt-1,&message);
  215.  
  216.         hexMsg = ByteArrayToHexString(message).toLatin1();
  217.         ui->textEdit_RecData->append(date+QString("->  ")+hexMsg.toUpper());
  218.     }
  219.     else
  220.     {
  221.         ui->textEdit_RecData->append(date+QString("->  ")+message);
  222.     }
  223. }
  224. void Widget::openSerialport()
  225. {
  226.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(true);
  227.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
  228.  
  229.     QList<QSerialPortInfo>  comList = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
  230.     QSerialPortInfo portInfo = comList.at(ui->comboBox_chooseCom->currentIndex());
  231.     serialPort->setPort(portInfo);      //设置使用哪个串口
  232.  
  233.     if(serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite) == false)
  234.     {
  235.         QMessageBox::critical(NULL, "critical", "找不到串口/串口被占用", QMessageBox::Yes | QMessageBox::No, QMessageBox::Yes);
  236.         closeSerialport();
  237.     }
  238.     else
  239.     {
  240.         serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200);
  241.         serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
  242.         serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
  243.         serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
  244.         serialPort->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
  245.  
  246.         ui->pushButton_sendData->setEnabled(true);
  247.     }
  248. }
  249.  
  250. void Widget::closeSerialport()
  251. {
  252.     if(serialPort->isOpen()){
  253.         serialPort->clear();
  254.         serialPort->close();
  255.     }
  256.     ui->pushButton_closeSerialPort->setEnabled(false);
  257.     ui->pushButton_openSerialPort->setEnabled(true);
  258. }
  259.  
  260. void Widget::setBuad(int buad)
  261. {
  262.     QString str = ui->comboBox_setBuad->currentText();
  263.     serialPort->setBaudRate(str.toInt());
  264. }
  265.  
  266. void Widget::clearRcv()
  267. {
  268.     ui->textEdit_RecData->clear();
  269. }
  270.  
  271. void Widget::on_btnClear_clicked()
  272. {
  273.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->clear();
  274. }
  275.  
  276. void Widget::on_btnConvert_clicked()
  277. {
  278.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->clear();
  279.     bool ok;
  280.     QString str = "A5";
  281.     int val1= ui->lineEditCmd1->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
  282.     QString str1 = QString("%1").arg(val1, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
  283.  
  284.     int val2= ui->lineEditCmd2->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
  285.     QString str2 = QString("%1").arg(val2, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
  286.  
  287.     if ((str1.isEmpty())||(str2.isEmpty()))
  288.         return;
  289.  
  290.     int val3= ui->lineEditData->text().toInt(&ok,16);  //以十六进制数读入
  291.     QString str3 = QString("%1").arg(val3, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
  292.  
  293.     uint8_t len = 6 + static_cast<uint8_t>(str3.length()/2);
  294.     QString hexStr = QString("%1").arg(len, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
  295.  
  296.     str.append(hexStr);
  297.     str.append(str1);
  298.     str.append(str2);
  299.     str.append(str3);
  300.     uint8_t crc;
  301.     QString tmp;
  302.     for(int i=0; i<str3.length(); i+=2)
  303.     {
  304.         tmp = ui->lineEditData->text()[i];
  305.         tmp += ui->lineEditData->text()[i+1];
  306.         crc+= tmp.toInt(&ok,16);
  307.         tmp = "";
  308.     }
  309.     crc += len;
  310.     crc += val1;
  311.     crc += val2;
  312.     QString hexCrc= QString("%1").arg(crc, 2, 16, QLatin1Char('0'));
  313.     str.append(hexCrc);
  314.     str.append("5A");
  315.     str = str.toUpper();
  316.     ui->lineEdit_protocalData->insert(str);
  317. }
  318.  
  319. void Widget::sendProtocalHexData()
  320. {
  321.     QString message = ui->lineEdit_protocalData->text();
  322.     serialPort->write(QByteArray::fromHex(message.toLatin1()));
  323. }

ui

代码框架概览

演示视频

串口上位机(基本设置/协议收发)演示_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

串口上位机(基本设置/协议收发)演示

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