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cs构架的问题:负载(If too many users access the server/s at the same time, such architecture can suffer from network overload problem.(slow down, long Queues, carsh)同时太多的用户访问服务器就会影响服务器性能)
定义:计算任务由多个节点协同完成,而不是依赖于一个中心节点或服务器。 每个节点都可以提供计算资源和存储资源,并且可以与其他节点进行直接通信,从而形成一个点对点(P2P)网络 (sharing of resources and services by direct exchange between computer systems(peers) without requiring separate server.)
在P2P里面的任何一个电脑都是resource的提供者并且还可以同时作为客户端
好处:1.Decentralised(connect and communicate directly with each other without going through central servers.) 2.Easily expandable 3.robust and good fault-tolerance (Because services are distributed across many nodes (节点), fault of some computers will have little affect on the whole system.) 4. good privacy protection(因为信息不通过中心服务器,追踪用户个人信息就很困难)5.Efficiency(support large-scale computing and data storage)
坏处:1.locating and finding files 2.security(对于个人文件安全性较差) 3.backup recovery(备份对p2p很麻烦)4.virus attacks(P2P更容易被malware 和virus 攻击)
应用:Napster, Skype, WhatsApp, Gnutella, eDonkey, BitTorrent
Napster---music file sharing,hybrid混合 system
Gnutella---first decentralised peer-to-peer network
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned (供应) and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.云计算服务就是让计算、存储、网络、数据、算法、应用等软硬件资源像电一样,随时随地、即插即用。
云的服务类型:
部署模型:public(第三方提供服务给所有公众),private(企业或组织自己使用),hybrid【Multi-cloud (多云), federated cloud (联合云)】
更靠近边缘
好处:1.将云拓展至网络边缘 2.Enhance delivery of current applications and services.(提升了应用和服务的运输) 3.支持新一代上下文驱动的应用程序和服务。
应用实例:traffic control& Autonomous vehicles
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