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HTTP是无状态协议
举例: 张三去一家饭馆点了几道菜,觉得味道不错,第二天又去了,对老板说,还点上次的那几道菜
Cookie和Session配合解决
举例: 张三去银行办业务
cookie是一种客户端会话技术,cookie由服务端产生,它是服务器存放在浏览器的一小份数据,浏览器以后每次访问该服务器的时候都会将这小份数据携带到服务器去。
原理图
应用场景举例
记录用户名
当我们在用户名的输入框中输入完用户名后,浏览器记录用户名,下一次再访问登录页面时,用户名自动填充到用户名的输入框.
保存电影播放进度
在网页上播放电影的时候,如果中途退出浏览器了,下载再打开浏览器播放同一部电影的时候,会自动跳转到上次退出时候的进度,因为在播放的时候会将播放进度保存到cookie中
servletA向响应中增加Cookie
@WebServlet("/servletA")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 创建Cookie
Cookie cookie1 =new Cookie("c1","c1_message");
Cookie cookie2 =new Cookie("c2","c2_message");
// 将cookie放入响应对象
resp.addCookie(cookie1);
resp.addCookie(cookie2);
}
}
servletB从请求中读取Cookie
@WebServlet("/servletB")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求中的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//迭代cookies数组
if (null != cookies && cookies.length!= 0) {
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
System.out.println(cookie.getName()+":"+cookie.getValue());
}
}
}
}
默认情况下Cookie的有效期是一次会话范围内,我们可以通过cookie的setMaxAge()方法让Cookie持久化保存到浏览器上
cookie.setMaxAge(int expiry)参数单位是秒,表示cookie的持久化时间,如果设置参数为0,表示将浏览器中保存的该cookie删除
@WebServlet("/servletA")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 创建Cookie
Cookie cookie1 =new Cookie("c1","c1_message");
cookie1.setMaxAge(60);
Cookie cookie2 =new Cookie("c2","c2_message");
// 将cookie放入响应对象
resp.addCookie(cookie1);
resp.addCookie(cookie2);
}
}
@WebServlet("/servletB")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求中的cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
//迭代cookies数组
if (null != cookies && cookies.length!= 0) {
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
System.out.println(cookie.getName()+":"+cookie.getValue());
}
}
}
}
访问互联网资源时不能每次都需要把所有Cookie带上。访问不同的资源时,可以携带不同的cookie,我们可以通过cookie的setPath(String path) 对cookie的路径进行设置
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 创建Cookie
Cookie cookie1 =new Cookie("c1","c1_message");
// 设置cookie的提交路径
cookie1.setPath("/web03_war_exploded/servletB");
Cookie cookie2 =new Cookie("c2","c2_message");
// 将cookie放入响应对象
resp.addCookie(cookie1);
resp.addCookie(cookie2);
}
}
HttpSession是一种保留更多信息在服务端的一种技术,服务器会为每一个客户端开辟一块内存空间,即session对象. 客户端在发送请求时,都可以使用自己的session. 这样服务端就可以通过session来记录某个客户端的状态了
原理图如下
应用场景
记录用户的登录状态
用户登录后,将用户的账号等敏感信息存入session
记录用户操作的历史
例如记录用户的访问痕迹,用户的购物车信息等临时性的信息
用户提交form表单到ServletA,携带用户名,ServletA获取session 将用户名存到Session,用户再请求其他任意Servlet,获取之间存储的用户
<form action="servletA" method="post">
用户名:
<input type="text" name="username">
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
@WebServlet("/servletA")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求中的参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
// 获取session对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 获取Session的ID
String jSessionId = session.getId();
System.out.println(jSessionId);
// 判断session是不是新创建的session
boolean isNew = session.isNew();
System.out.println(isNew);
// 向session对象中存入数据
session.setAttribute("username",username);
}
}
@WebServlet("/servletB")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取session对象
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 获取Session的ID
String jSessionId = session.getId();
System.out.println(jSessionId);
// 判断session是不是新创建的session
boolean isNew = session.isNew();
System.out.println(isNew);
// 从session中取出数据
String username = (String)session.getAttribute("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
}
getSession方法的处理逻辑
为什么要设置session的时效
默认的session最大闲置时间(两次使用同一个session中的间隔时间) 在tomcat/conf/web.xml配置为30分钟
我们可以自己在当前项目的web.xml对最大闲置时间进行重新设定
也可以通过HttpSession的API 对最大闲置时间进行设定
// 设置最大闲置时间
session.setMaxInactiveInterval(60);
也可以直接让session失效
// 直接让session失效
session.invalidate();
域对象: 一些用于存储数据和传递数据的对象,传递数据不同的范围,我们称之为不同的域,不同的域对象代表不同的域,共享数据的范围也不同
生活举例: 饮水机摆放位置不同,使用的范围就不同
三大域对象的数据作用范围图解
域对象的API
API | 功能 |
---|---|
void setAttribute(String name,String value) | 向域对象中添加/修改数据 |
Object getAttribute(String name); | 从域对象中获取数据 |
removeAttribute(String name); | 移除域对象中的数据 |
API测试
@WebServlet("/servletA")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 向请求域中放入数据
req.setAttribute("request","request-message");
//req.getRequestDispatcher("servletB").forward(req,resp);
// 向会话域中放入数据
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("session","session-message");
// 向应用域中放入数据
ServletContext application = getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("application","application-message");
}
}
@WebServlet("/servletB")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 从请求域中获取数据
String reqMessage =(String)req.getAttribute("request");
System.out.println(reqMessage);
// 从会话域中获取数据
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
String sessionMessage =(String)session.getAttribute("session");
System.out.println(sessionMessage);
// 从应用域中获取数据
ServletContext application = getServletContext();
String applicationMessage =(String)application.getAttribute("application");
System.out.println(applicationMessage);
}
}
请求域内一般放本次业务有关的数据,如:查询到的所有的部门信息
会话域内一般放本次会话的客户端有关的数据,如:当前客户端登录的用户
应用域内一般放本程序应用有关的数据 如:Spring框架的IOC容器
Filter,即过滤器,是JAVAEE技术规范之一,作用目标资源的请求进行过滤的一套技术规范,是Java Web项目中
最为实用的技术之一
生活举例: 公司前台,停车场安保,地铁验票闸机
过滤器开发中应用的场景
过滤器工作位置图解
Filter接口API
package jakarta.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
public interface Filter {
default public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException;
default public void destroy() {
}
}
API | 目标 |
---|---|
default public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) | 初始化方法,由容器调用并传入初始配置信息filterConfig对象 |
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) | 过滤方法,核心方法,过滤请求,决定是否放行,响应之前的其他处理等都在该方法中 |
default public void destroy() | 销毁方法,容器在回收过滤器对象之前调用的方法 |
目标:开发一个日志记录过滤器
定义一个过滤器类,编写功能代码
package com.atguigu.filters;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class LoggingFilter implements Filter {
private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 参数父转子
HttpServletRequest request =(HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response =(HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
// 拼接日志文本
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
String time = dateFormat.format(new Date());
String beforeLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"被请求了";
// 打印日志
System.out.println(beforeLogging);
// 获取系统时间
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 放行请求
filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
// 获取系统时间
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 拼接日志文本
String afterLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"的请求耗时:"+(t2-t1)+"毫秒";
// 打印日志
System.out.println(afterLogging);
}
}
定义两个Servlet作为目标资源
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 处理器请求
System.out.println("servletA处理请求的方法,耗时10毫秒");
// 模拟处理请求耗时
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletB", name = "servletBName")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 处理器请求
System.out.println("servletB处理请求的方法,耗时15毫秒");
// 模拟处理请求耗时
try {
Thread.sleep(15);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
配置过滤器以及过滤器的过滤范围
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
<!--配置filter,并为filter起别名-->
<filter>
<filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.LoggingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<!--为别名对应的filter配置要过滤的目标资源-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
<!--通过映射路径确定过滤资源-->
<url-pattern>/servletA</url-pattern>
<!--通过后缀名确定过滤资源-->
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
<!--通过servlet别名确定过滤资源-->
<servlet-name>servletBName</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
说明
过滤过程图解
过滤器作为web项目的组件之一,和Servlet的生命周期类似,略有不同,没有servlet的load-on-startup的配置,默认就是系统启动立刻构造
阶段 | 对应方法 | 执行时机 | 执行次数 |
---|---|---|---|
创建对象 | 构造器 | web应用启动时 | 1 |
初始化方法 | void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) | 构造完毕 | 1 |
过滤请求 | void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) | 每次请求 | 多次 |
销毁 | default void destroy() | web应用关闭时 | 1次 |
测试代码
package com.atguigu.filters;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/*")
public class LifeCycleFilter implements Filter {
public LifeCycleFilter(){
System.out.println("LifeCycleFilter constructor method invoked");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("LifeCycleFilter init method invoked");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("LifeCycleFilter doFilter method invoked");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("LifeCycleFilter destory method invoked");
}
}
一个web项目中,可以同时定义多个过滤器,多个过滤器对同一个资源进行过滤时,工作位置有先后,整体形成一个工作链,称之为过滤器链
图解过滤器链
过滤器链功能测试
定义三个过滤器,对目标资源Servlet的请求进行过滤
目标Servlet资源代码
package com.atguigu.servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/servletC")
public class ServletC extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("servletC service method invoked");
}
}
public class Filter1 implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("filter1 before chain.doFilter code invoked");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.out.println("filter1 after chain.doFilter code invoked");
}
}
public class Filter2 implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("filter2 before chain.doFilter code invoked");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.out.println("filter2 after chain.doFilter code invoked");
}
}
public class Filter3 implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("filter3 before chain.doFilter code invoked");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
System.out.println("filter3 after chain.doFilter code invoked");
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_5_0.xsd"
version="5.0">
<filter>
<filter-name>filter1</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.Filter1</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>filter2</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.Filter2</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>filter3</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.Filter3</filter-class>
</filter>
<!--filter-mapping的顺序决定了过滤器的工作顺序-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filter1</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servletC</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filter2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servletC</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filter3</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/servletC</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
工作流程图解
@WebFilter注解的使用
package jakarta.servlet.annotation;
import jakarta.servlet.DispatcherType;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface WebFilter {
String description() default "";
String displayName() default "";
WebInitParam[] initParams() default {};
String filterName() default "";
String smallIcon() default "";
String largeIcon() default "";
String[] servletNames() default {};
String[] value() default {};
String[] urlPatterns() default {};
DispatcherType[] dispatcherTypes() default {DispatcherType.REQUEST};
boolean asyncSupported() default false;
}
<!--配置filter,并为filter起别名-->
<filter>
<filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.LoggingFilter</filter-class>
<!--配置filter的初始参数-->
<init-param>
<param-name>dateTimePattern</param-name>
<param-value>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!--为别名对应的filter配置要过滤的目标资源-->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
<!--通过映射路径确定过滤资源-->
<url-pattern>/servletA</url-pattern>
<!--通过后缀名确定过滤资源-->
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
<!--通过servlet别名确定过滤资源-->
<servlet-name>servletBName</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
package com.atguigu.filters;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@WebFilter(
filterName = "loggingFilter",
initParams = {@WebInitParam(name="dateTimePattern",value="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")},
urlPatterns = {"/servletA","*.html"},
servletNames = {"servletBName"}
)
public class LoggingFilter implements Filter {
private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat ;
/*init初始化方法,通过filterConfig获取初始化参数
* init方法中,可以用于定义一些其他初始化功能代码
* */
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
// 获取初始参数
String dateTimePattern = filterConfig.getInitParameter("dateTimePattern");
// 初始化成员变量
dateFormat=new SimpleDateFormat(dateTimePattern);
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// 参数父转子
HttpServletRequest request =(HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response =(HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
// 拼接日志文本
String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
String time = dateFormat.format(new Date());
String beforeLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"被请求了";
// 打印日志
System.out.println(beforeLogging);
// 获取系统时间
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
// 放行请求
filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
// 获取系统时间
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
String afterLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"的请求耗时:"+(t2-t1)+"毫秒";
// 打印日志
System.out.println(afterLogging);
}
}
监听器:专门用于对域对象对象身上发生的事件或状态改变进行监听和相应处理的对象
监听器是GOF设计模式中,观察者模式的典型案例
观察者模式: 当被观察的对象发生某些改变时, 观察者自动采取对应的行动的一种设计模式
监听器使用的感受类似JS中的事件,被观察的对象发生某些情况时,自动触发代码的执行
监听器并不监听web项目中的所有组件,仅仅是对三大域对象做相关的事件监听
监听器的分类
web中定义八个监听器接口作为监听器的规范,这八个接口按照不同的标准可以形成不同的分类
按监听的对象划分
按监听的事件分
ServletContextListener 监听ServletContext对象的创建与销毁
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) | ServletContext创建时调用 |
contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) | ServletContext销毁时调用 |
ServletContextAttributeListener 监听ServletContext中属性的添加、移除和修改
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) | 向ServletContext中添加属性时调用 |
attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) | 从ServletContext中移除属性时调用 |
attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) | 当ServletContext中的属性被修改时调用 |
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
getName() | 获取修改或添加的属性名 |
getValue() | 获取被修改或添加的属性值 |
getServletContext() | 获取ServletContext对象 |
测试代码
package com.atguigu.listeners;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
@WebListener
public class ApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener , ServletContextAttributeListener {
// 监听初始化
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
ServletContext application = sce.getServletContext();
System.out.println("application"+application.hashCode()+" initialized");
}
// 监听销毁
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
ServletContext application = sce.getServletContext();
System.out.println("application"+application.hashCode()+" destroyed");
}
// 监听数据增加
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
String name = scae.getName();
Object value = scae.getValue();
ServletContext application = scae.getServletContext();
System.out.println("application"+application.hashCode()+" add:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据移除
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
String name = scae.getName();
Object value = scae.getValue();
ServletContext application = scae.getServletContext();
System.out.println("application"+application.hashCode()+" remove:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据修改
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
String name = scae.getName();
Object value = scae.getValue();
ServletContext application = scae.getServletContext();
Object newValue = application.getAttribute(name);
System.out.println("application"+application.hashCode()+" change:"+name+"="+value+" to "+newValue);
}
}
// ServletA用于向application域中放入数据
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 向application域中放入数据
ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();
application.setAttribute("k1","v1");
application.setAttribute("k2","v2");
}
}
// ServletB用于向application域中修改和移除数据
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletB", name = "servletBName")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext appliation = getServletContext();
// 修改application域中的数据
appliation.setAttribute("k1","value1");
// 删除application域中的数据
appliation.removeAttribute("k2");
}
}
HttpSessionListener 监听HttpSession对象的创建与销毁
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent hse) | HttpSession对象创建时调用 |
sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent hse) | HttpSession对象销毁时调用 |
HttpSessionAttributeListener 监听HttpSession中属性的添加、移除和修改
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) | 向HttpSession中添加属性时调用 |
attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) | 从HttpSession中移除属性时调用 |
attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) | 当HttpSession中的属性被修改时调用 |
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
getName() | 获取修改或添加的属性名 |
getValue() | 获取被修改或添加的属性值 |
getSession() | 获取触发事件的HttpSession对象 |
测试代码
package com.atguigu.listeners;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
@WebListener
public class SessionListener implements HttpSessionListener, HttpSessionAttributeListener {
// 监听session创建
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session"+session.hashCode()+" created");
}
// 监听session销毁
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session"+session.hashCode()+" destroyed");
}
// 监听数据增加
@Override
public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String name = se.getName();
Object value = se.getValue();
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session"+session.hashCode()+" add:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据移除
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String name = se.getName();
Object value = se.getValue();
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session"+session.hashCode()+" remove:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据修改
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(HttpSessionBindingEvent se) {
String name = se.getName();
Object value = se.getValue();
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
Object newValue = session.getAttribute(name);
System.out.println("session"+session.hashCode()+" change:"+name+"="+value+" to "+newValue);
}
}
// servletA用于创建session并向session中放数据
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 创建session,并向session中放入数据
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.setAttribute("k1","v1");
session.setAttribute("k2","v2");
}
}
// servletB用于修改删除session中的数据并手动让session不可用
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletB", name = "servletBName")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 修改session域中的数据
session.setAttribute("k1","value1");
// 删除session域中的数据
session.removeAttribute("k2");
// 手动让session不可用
session.invalidate();
}
}
ServletRequestListener 监听ServletRequest对象的创建与销毁
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) | ServletRequest对象创建时调用 |
requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) | ServletRequest对象销毁时调用 |
ServletRequestAttributeListener 监听ServletRequest中属性的添加、移除和修改
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) | 向ServletRequest中添加属性时调用 |
attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) | 从ServletRequest中移除属性时调用 |
attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) | 当ServletRequest中的属性被修改时调用 |
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
getName() | 获取修改或添加的属性名 |
getValue() | 获取被修改或添加的属性值 |
getServletRequest () | 获取触发事件的ServletRequest对象 |
package com.atguigu.listeners;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
@WebListener
public class RequestListener implements ServletRequestListener , ServletRequestAttributeListener {
// 监听初始化
@Override
public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
ServletRequest request = sre.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("request"+request.hashCode()+" initialized");
}
// 监听销毁
@Override
public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent sre) {
ServletRequest request = sre.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("request"+request.hashCode()+" destoryed");
}
// 监听数据增加
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String name = srae.getName();
Object value = srae.getValue();
ServletRequest request = srae.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("request"+request.hashCode()+" add:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据移除
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String name = srae.getName();
Object value = srae.getValue();
ServletRequest request = srae.getServletRequest();
System.out.println("request"+request.hashCode()+" remove:"+name+"="+value);
}
// 监听数据修改
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletRequestAttributeEvent srae) {
String name = srae.getName();
Object value = srae.getValue();
ServletRequest request = srae.getServletRequest();
Object newValue = request.getAttribute(name);
System.out.println("request"+request.hashCode()+" change:"+name+"="+value+" to "+newValue);
}
}
// servletA向请求域中放数据
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 向request中增加数据
req.setAttribute("k1","v1");
req.setAttribute("k2","v2");
// 请求转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("servletB").forward(req,resp);
}
}
// servletB修改删除域中的数据
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletB", name = "servletBName")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 修改request域中的数据
req.setAttribute("k1","value1");
// 删除session域中的数据
req.removeAttribute("k2");
}
}
HttpSessionBindingListener 监听当前监听器对象在Session域中的增加与移除
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) | 该类的实例被放到Session域中时调用 |
valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) | 该类的实例从Session中移除时调用 |
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
getName() | 获取当前事件涉及的属性名 |
getValue() | 获取当前事件涉及的属性值 |
getSession() | 获取触发事件的HttpSession对象 |
测试代码
package com.atguigu.listeners;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
public class MySessionBindingListener implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
// 监听绑定
@Override
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
String name = event.getName();
System.out.println("MySessionBindingListener"+this.hashCode()+" binding into session"+session.hashCode()+" with name "+name);
}
// 监听解除绑定
@Override
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
HttpSession session = event.getSession();
String name = event.getName();
System.out.println("MySessionBindingListener"+this.hashCode()+" unbond outof session"+session.hashCode()+" with name "+name);
}
}
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 绑定监听器
session.setAttribute("bindingListener",new MySessionBindingListener());
// 解除绑定监听器
session.removeAttribute("bindingListener");
}
}
HttpSessionActivationListener 监听某个对象在Session中的序列化与反序列化。
方法名 | 作用 |
---|---|
sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) | 该类实例和Session一起钝化到硬盘时调用 |
sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) | 该类实例和Session一起活化到内存时调用 |
什么是钝化活化
如何配置钝化活化
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1">
<Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="d:\mysession"></Store>
</Manager>
</Context>
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 添加数据
session.setAttribute("k1","v1");
}
}
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletB", name = "servletBName")
public class ServletB extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Object v1 = session.getAttribute("k1");
System.out.println(v1);
}
}
如何监听钝化活化
package com.atguigu.listeners;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class ActivationListener implements HttpSessionActivationListener, Serializable {
// 监听钝化
@Override
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session with JSESSIONID "+ session.getId()+" will passivate");
}
// 监听活化
@Override
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
HttpSession session = se.getSession();
System.out.println("session with JSESSIONID "+ session.getId()+" did activate");
}
}
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/servletA",name = "servletAName")
public class ServletA extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
// 添加数据
session.setAttribute("k1","v1");
// 添加钝化活化监听器
session.setAttribute("activationListener",new ActivationListener());
}
}
需求说明:未登录状态下不允许访问showShedule.html和SysScheduleController相关增删改处理,重定向到login.html,登录成功后可以自由访问
package com.atguigu.schedule.filters;
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/showSchedule.html","/schedule/*"})
public class LoginFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request =(HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
HttpServletResponse response =(HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
Object sysUser = session.getAttribute("sysUser");
if(null != sysUser){
// session中如果存在登录的用户 代表用户登录过,则放行
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
}else{
//用户未登录,重定向到登录页
response.sendRedirect("/login.html");
}
}
}
/**
* 用户登录的业务接口
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 接收用户请求参数
// 获取要注册的用户名密码
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String userPwd = req.getParameter("userPwd");
// 调用服务层方法,根据用户名查询数据库中是否有一个用户
SysUser loginUser =userService.findByUsername(username);
if(null == loginUser){
// 没有根据用户名找到用户,说明用户名有误
resp.sendRedirect("/loginUsernameError.html");
}else if(! loginUser.getUserPwd().equals(MD5Util.encrypt(userPwd))){
// 用户密码有误,
resp.sendRedirect("/loginUserPwdError.html");
}else{
// 登录成功,将用户信息存入session
req.getSession().setAttribute("sysUser",loginUser);
// 登录成功,重定向到日程展示页
resp.sendRedirect("/showSchedule.html");
}
}
AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML(异步的 JavaScript 和 XML)。
AJAX 不是新的编程语言,而是一种使用现有标准的新方法。
AJAX 最大的优点是在不重新加载整个页面的情况下,可以与服务器交换数据并更新部分网页内容。
AJAX 不需要任何浏览器插件,但需要用户允许 JavaScript 在浏览器上执行。
XMLHttpRequest 只是实现 Ajax 的一种方式。
ajax工作原理:
原生javascript方式进行ajax(了解):
<script>
function loadXMLDoc(){
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest){
// IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari 浏览器执行代码
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else{
// IE6, IE5 浏览器执行代码
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
// 设置回调函数处理响应结果
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function(){
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
// 设置请求方式和请求的资源路径
xmlhttp.open("GET","/try/ajax/ajax_info.txt",true);
// 发送请求
xmlhttp.send();
}
</script>
客户端代码编写处理
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.ht{
text-align: center;
color: cadetblue;
font-family: 幼圆;
}
.tab{
width: 500px;
border: 5px solid cadetblue;
margin: 0px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
font-family: 幼圆;
}
.ltr td{
border: 1px solid powderblue;
}
.ipt{
border: 0px;
width: 50%;
}
.btn1{
border: 2px solid powderblue;
border-radius: 4px;
width:60px;
background-color: antiquewhite;
}
.msg {
color: gold;
}
.buttonContainer{
text-align: center;
}
</style>
<script>
// 校验用户名的方法
function checkUsername(){
// 定义正则
var usernameReg=/^[a-zA-Z0-9]{5,10}$/
var username =document.getElementById("usernameInput").value
var usernameMsgSpan =document.getElementById("usernameMsg")
if(!usernameReg.test(username)){
usernameMsgSpan.innerText="不合法"
return false
}
// 发送ajax请求校验用户名是否被占用
var request;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
request= new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
request= new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
request.onreadystatechange= function (){
// request.readyState == 4 代表请求结束,已经接收到响应结果
// request.status== 200 表示后端响应状态码是200
if(request.readyState == 4 && request.status== 200){
// 后端的响应的JSON字符串转换为前端的对象
var response =JSON.parse(request.responseText)
console.log(response)
// 判断业务码是否是200
if (response.code != 200){
usernameMsgSpan.innerText="已占用"
return false
}
}
}
// 设置请求方式,请求资源路径,是否为异步请求
request.open("GET",'/user/checkUsernameUsed?username='+username,true)
// 发送请求
request.send();
// 前面校验都通过
usernameMsgSpan.innerText="OK"
return true
}
// 校验密码的方法
function checkUserPwd(){
// 定义正则
var passwordReg=/^[0-9]{6}$/
var userPwd =document.getElementById("userPwdInput").value
var userPwdMsgSpan =document.getElementById("userPwdMsg")
if(!passwordReg.test(userPwd)){
userPwdMsgSpan.innerText="不合法"
return false
}
userPwdMsgSpan.innerText="OK"
return true
}
// 校验密码的方法
function checkReUserPwd(){
// 定义正则
var passwordReg=/^[0-9]{6}$/
var userPwd =document.getElementById("userPwdInput").value
var reUserPwd =document.getElementById("reUserPwdInput").value
var reUserPwdMsgSpan =document.getElementById("reUserPwdMsg")
if(!passwordReg.test(userPwd)){
reUserPwdMsgSpan.innerText="不合法"
return false
}
if(userPwd != reUserPwd){
reUserPwdMsgSpan.innerText="不一致"
return false
}
reUserPwdMsgSpan.innerText="OK"
return true
}
//表单提交时统一校验
function checkForm(){
return checkUsername() && checkUserPwd() && checkReUserPwd()
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="ht">欢迎使用日程管理系统</h1>
<h3 class="ht">请注册</h3>
<form method="post" action="/user/regist" onsubmit="return checkForm()">
<table class="tab" cellspacing="0px">
<tr class="ltr">
<td>请输入账号</td>
<td>
<input class="ipt" id="usernameInput" type="text" name="username" onblur="checkUsername()">
<span id="usernameMsg" class="msg"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ltr">
<td>请输入密码</td>
<td>
<input class="ipt" id="userPwdInput" type="password" name="userPwd" onblur="checkUserPwd()">
<span id="userPwdMsg" class="msg"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ltr">
<td>确认密码</td>
<td>
<input class="ipt" id="reUserPwdInput" type="password" onblur="checkReUserPwd()">
<span id="reUserPwdMsg" class="msg"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ltr">
<td colspan="2" class="buttonContainer">
<input class="btn1" type="submit" value="注册">
<input class="btn1" type="reset" value="重置">
<button class="btn1"><a href="/login.html">去登录</a></button>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
服务端代码处理
package com.atguigu.schedule.common;
/**
* 业务含义和状态码对应关系的枚举
*
*/
public enum ResultCodeEnum {
SUCCESS(200,"success"),
USERNAME_ERROR(501,"usernameError"),
PASSWORD_ERROR(503,"passwordError"),
NOTLOGIN(504,"notLogin"),
USERNAME_USED(505,"userNameUsed")
;
private Integer code;
private String message;
private ResultCodeEnum(Integer code, String message) {
this.code = code;
this.message = message;
}
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
}
package com.atguigu.schedule.common;
/**
* 全局统一响应的JSON格式处理类
*
*/
public class Result<T> {
// 返回码
private Integer code;
// 返回消息
private String message;
// 返回数据
private T data;
public Result(){}
// 返回数据
protected static <T> Result<T> build(T data) {
Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
if (data != null)
result.setData(data);
return result;
}
public static <T> Result<T> build(T body, Integer code, String message) {
Result<T> result = build(body);
result.setCode(code);
result.setMessage(message);
return result;
}
public static <T> Result<T> build(T body, ResultCodeEnum resultCodeEnum) {
Result<T> result = build(body);
result.setCode(resultCodeEnum.getCode());
result.setMessage(resultCodeEnum.getMessage());
return result;
}
/**
* 操作成功
* @param data baseCategory1List
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static<T> Result<T> ok(T data){
Result<T> result = build(data);
return build(data, ResultCodeEnum.SUCCESS);
}
public Result<T> message(String msg){
this.setMessage(msg);
return this;
}
public Result<T> code(Integer code){
this.setCode(code);
return this;
}
public Integer getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(Integer code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(T data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
package com.atguigu.schedule.util;
import com.atguigu.schedule.common.Result;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
public class WebUtil {
private static ObjectMapper objectMapper;
// 初始化objectMapper
static{
objectMapper=new ObjectMapper();
// 设置JSON和Object转换时的时间日期格式
objectMapper.setDateFormat(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
}
// 从请求中获取JSON串并转换为Object
public static <T> T readJson(HttpServletRequest request,Class<T> clazz){
T t =null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
reader = request.getReader();
StringBuffer buffer =new StringBuffer();
String line =null;
while((line = reader.readLine())!= null){
buffer.append(line);
}
t= objectMapper.readValue(buffer.toString(),clazz);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return t;
}
// 将Result对象转换成JSON串并放入响应对象
public static void writeJson(HttpServletResponse response, Result result){
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
try {
String json = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result);
response.getWriter().write(json);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
/**
* SysUserController下,注册时校验用户名是否被占用的业务接口
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
protected void checkUsernameUsed(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = req.getParameter("username");
SysUser registUser = userService.findByUsername(username);
//封装结果对象
Result result=null;
if(null ==registUser){
// 未占用,创建一个code为200的对象
result= Result.ok(null);
}else{
// 占用, 创建一个结果为505的对象
result= Result.build(null, ResultCodeEnum.USERNAME_USED);
}
// 将result对象转换成JSON并响应给客户端
WebUtil.writeJson(resp,result);
}
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