Springboot基础及原理源码解析_springboot源码解读与原理分析

一、 SpringBoot简介

1.1 原有Spring优缺点分析

1.1.1 Spring的优点分析

Spring是Java企业版（Java Enterprise Edition，JEE，也称J2EE）的轻量级代替品。无需开发重量级的Enterprise JavaBean（EJB），Spring为企业级Java开发提供了一种相对简单的方法，通过依赖注入和面向切面编程，用简单的Java对象（Plain Old Java Object，POJO）实现了EJB的功能。

1.1.2 Spring的缺点分析

虽然Spring的组件代码是轻量级的，但它的配置却是重量级的。一开始，Spring用XML配置，而且是很多XML配置。Spring 2.5引入了基于注解的组件扫描，这消除了大量针对应用程序自身组件的显式XML配置。Spring 3.0引入了基于Java的配置，这是一种类型安全的可重构配置方式，可以代替XML。所有这些配置都代表了开发时的损耗。因为在思考Spring特性配置和解决业务问题之间需要进行思维切换，所以编写配置挤占了编写应用程序逻辑的时间。和所有框架一样，Spring实用，但与此同时它要求的回报也不少。
除此之外，项目的依赖管理也是一件耗时耗力的事情。在环境搭建时，需要分析要导入哪些库的坐标，而且还需要分析导入与之有依赖关系的其他库的坐标，一旦选错了依赖的版本，随之而来的不兼容问题就会严重阻碍项目的开发进度。

1.2 SpringBoot 的概述

1.2.1 SpringBoot解决上述Spring的缺点

SpringBoot对上述Spring的缺点进行的改善和优化，基于约定优于配置的思想，可以让开发人员不必在配置与逻辑业务之间进行思维的切换，全身心的投入到逻辑业务的代码编写中，从而大大提高了开发的效率，一定程度上缩短了项目周期。

1.2.2 SpringBoot 的特点

为基于 Spring的开发提供更快的入门体验开箱即用，没有代码生成，也无需 XML配置。同时也可以修改默认值来满足特定的需求提供了一些大型项目中常见的非功能性特性，如嵌入式服务器、安全、指标，健康检测、外部配置等。SpringBoot 不是对Spring功能上的增强，而是提供了一种快速使用Spring的方式

1.2.3 SpringBoot的核心功能

• 起步依赖
  起步依赖本质上是一个Maven项目对象模型（Project Object Model，POM），定义了对其他库的传递依赖，这些东西加在一起即支持某项功能。
  简单的说，起步依赖就是将具备某种功能的坐标打包到一起，并提供一些默认的功能。
• 自动配置
  Spring Boot的自动配置是一个运行时（更准确地说，是应用程序启动时）的过程，考虑了众多因素，才决定Spring配置应该用哪个，不该用哪个。该过程是Spring自动完成的。

二、 SpringBoot原理分析

2.1 起步依赖原理分析

2.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent

按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent，就可进入到spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml（build部分未复制）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>Spring Boot Starter Parent</name>
    <description>Parent pom providing dependency and plugin management for applications
		built with Maven</description>
    <url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-starter-parent</url>
    <properties>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <resource.delimiter>@</resource.delimiter>
        <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>


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按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies，即可进入spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml，xml配置如下（太长，删减了部分配置）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <name>Spring Boot Dependencies</name>
    <description>Spring Boot Dependencies</description>
    <url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#</url>
........................
    <properties>
        <activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
        <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
        <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
      ........................
        <mssql-jdbc.version>6.2.2.jre8</mssql-jdbc.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.46</mysql.version>
        <narayana.version>5.8.1.Final</narayana.version>
     ........................
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
           ........................
            <dependency>
                <groupId>xml-apis</groupId>
                <artifactId>xml-apis</artifactId>
                <version>${xml-apis.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
                    <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
                </plugin>
            ........................
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

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从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现，一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好，所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。

2.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web

按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web，查看spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  </parent>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
  <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
  <name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>
  <description>Starter for building web, including RESTful, applications using Spring
		MVC. Uses Tomcat as the default embedded container</description>
  <url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-parent/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web</url>
  <organization>
    <name>Pivotal Software, Inc.</name>
    <url>https://spring.io</url>
  </organization>
  <licenses>
    <license>
      <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
      <url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
    </license>
  </licenses>
  <developers>
    <developer>
      <name>Pivotal</name>
      <email>info@pivotal.io</email>
      <organization>Pivotal Software, Inc.</organization>
      <organizationUrl>http://www.spring.io</organizationUrl>
    </developer>
  </developers>
  <scm>
    <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web</connection>
    <developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://git@github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot.git/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web</developerConnection>
    <url>http://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/spring-boot-starters/spring-boot-starter-web</url>
  </scm>
  <issueManagement>
    <system>Github</system>
    <url>https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-boot/issues</url>
  </issueManagement>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
      <version>6.0.9.Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

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从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现，spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”，这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了，同样体现了依赖传递的作用。

2.2 自动配置原理解析

按住Ctrl点击查看启动类SpringbootMybatisPlusApplication：

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootMybatisPlusApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootMybatisPlusApplication.class, args);
	}

}

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点解注解@SpringBootApplication查看源码：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
				classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	String[] excludeName() default {};

	/**
	 * Base packages to scan for annotated components. Use {@link #scanBasePackageClasses}
	 * for a type-safe alternative to String-based package names.
	 * @return base packages to scan
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
	String[] scanBasePackages() default {};

	/**
	 * Type-safe alternative to {@link #scanBasePackages} for specifying the packages to
	 * scan for annotated components. The package of each class specified will be scanned.
	 * <p>
	 * Consider creating a special no-op marker class or interface in each package that
	 * serves no purpose other than being referenced by this attribute.
	 * @return base packages to scan
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
	Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};

}

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• @SpringBootConfiguration：等同与@Configuration，表明是Spring的一个配置类
• @EnableAutoConfiguration：开启SpringBoot自动配置功能

再查看查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration源码：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

	String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
	 * @return the classes to exclude
	 */
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};

	/**
	 * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be
	 * applied.
	 * @return the class names to exclude
	 * @since 1.3.0
	 */
	String[] excludeName() default {};

}

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@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类部分源码如下：

public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector
		implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware,
		BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {

	private static final AutoConfigurationEntry EMPTY_ENTRY = new AutoConfigurationEntry();

	private static final String[] NO_IMPORTS = {};

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory
			.getLog(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class);

	@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader
				.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(
				autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

	/**
	 * Return the {@link AutoConfigurationEntry} based on the {@link AnnotationMetadata}
	 * of the importing {@link Configuration @Configuration} class.
	 * @param autoConfigurationMetadata the auto-configuration metadata
	 * @param annotationMetadata the annotation metadata of the configuration class
	 * @return the auto-configurations that should be imported
	 */
	protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(
			AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata,
			AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
				attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}


	/**
	 * Return the auto-configuration class names that should be considered. By default
	 * this method will load candidates using {@link SpringFactoriesLoader} with
	 * {@link #getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass()}.
	 * @param metadata the source metadata
	 * @param attributes the {@link #getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata) annotation
	 * attributes}
	 * @return a list of candidate configurations
	 */
	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
			AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
				getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations,
				"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
						+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}
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SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表，文件在spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.4.RELEASE.jar包中。

# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

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三、 SpringBoot的配置文件

3.1 SpringBoot 配置文件类型

3.1.1 SpringBoot配置文件类型和作用

SpringBoot是基于约定的，所以很多配置都有默认值，但如果想使用自己的配置替换默认配置的话，就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml（application.yaml）进行配置。SpringBoot默认会从Resources目录下加载application.properties或application.yml（application.yaml）文件。properties文件比较常见，下面主要对yml文件进行讲解。

3.1.2 application.yml配置文件

3.1.2.1 yml配置文件简介

YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)编写的文件格式，YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的的数据数据序列化格式，并且容易被人类阅读，容易和脚本语言交互的，可以被支持YAML库的不同的编程语言程序导入，比如： C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以数据为核心的，比传统的xml方式更加简洁。YML文件的扩展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。

3.1.2.2 yml配置文件的语法

3.1.3 常用配置

# QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties)
spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode.
spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.
sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema.
spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type.
spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties.
# ----------------------------------------
# WEB PROPERTIES
# ----------------------------------------
# EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties)
server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port.
server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application.
server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet.
# HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties)
spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to
the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly.
# JACKSON (JacksonProperties)
spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format
class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`.
# SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties)
spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher
servlet.
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources.
spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix.
spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix.
# DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-
detected based on the URL by default.
spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database.
spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database.
spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database.
# JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties)
spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout.
spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.
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3.2 @ConfigurationProperties注解与@Value注解区别