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1、查看 MySQL 是否安装了 crontab
yum -y install vixie-cron
yum -y install crontabs
2、crontab 常用命令
# 查看进程是否正在进行 ps aux | grep crond # 查看运行状态 systemctl status crond 或者 service crond status # 启动服务 systemctl start crond 或者 service crond status # 关闭服务 systemctl stop crond 或者 service crond status # 重启服务 systemctl restart crond 或者 service crond restart # 重新载入配置 systemctl reload crond # 加入开机启动 systemctl enable crond # 查看定时任务 crontab -l # 编辑 crontab -e
3、编写 dump_mysql.sh 脚本
# 设置mysql的登录用户名和密码(根据实际情况填写) mysql_user="root" mysql_password="123456" mysql_host="101.133.170.222" mysql_port="3306" mysql_charset="utf8" # 备份文件存放地址(根据实际情况填写) backup_location=/data/mysql/bakup # 是否删除过期数据 expire_backup_delete="ON" expire_days=7 backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` backup_dir=$backup_location welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" # 备份指定数据库中数据(此处假设数据库是ruoyi )mysql容器里面找到mysqldump我的路径是/usr/bin/mysqldump docker exec mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password -B ruoyi > $backup_dir/mysql-$backup_time.sql # 删除过期数据 if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then `find $backup_location/ -type f -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf` echo "Expired backup data delete complete!" fi
mysql_user="root" #MySQL备份用户 mysql_password="123456" #MySQL备份用户的密码 mysql_host="101.133.170.222" mysql_port="3306" mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL编码0 2 * * * docker exec -i mysql sh /root/mysql8.0.20/mysqlbfplus/run.sh backup_db_arr=("ruoyi") #要备份的数据库名称,多个用空格分开隔开 如("db1" "db2" "db3") backup_location=/data/mysql/bakup #备份数据存放位置,末尾请不要带"/",此项可以保持默认,程序会自动创建文件夹 expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否开启过期备份删除 ON为开启 OFF为关闭 expire_days=7 #过期时间天数 默认为三天,此项只有在expire_backup_delete开启时有效 backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M` #定义备份详细时间 backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定义备份目录中的年月日时间 #backup_day_ago=`date -d 'expire_days days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` #备份之前的日期 backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd #备份文件夹全路径 welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #欢迎语 mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l` mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l` if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!" exit else echo $welcome_msg echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......" fi # 判断有没有定义备份的数据库,如果有定义则开始备份,否则退出备份 if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then #dbnames=$(cut -d ',' -f1-5 $backup_database) #echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})" for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]} do echo "database $dbname backup start..." `mkdir -p $backup_dir` docker exec mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --default-character-set=$mysql_charset | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz flag=`echo $?` if [ $flag == "0" ];then echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz" else echo "database $dbname backup fail!" fi done else echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop" exit fi # 如果开启了删除过期备份,则进行删除操作 if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a "$backup_location" != "" ];then #`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;` `find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf` echo "Expired backup data delete complete!" fi
#用户名 mysql_user="root" #密码 mysql_password="shijinying123" mysql_host="101.133.170.222" #端口号 mysql_port="3306" #将要备份的数据库 database_name="ruoyi" #编码格式 mysql_charset="utf8" #保存备份文件最多个数 count=3 #备份保存路径 backup_path=/data/mysql/bakup #日期 date_time=`date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M` #如果文件夹不存在则创建 if [ ! -d $backup_path ]; then mkdir -p $backup_path; fi #查看MySQL是否在运行 mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l` echo "查看MySQL是否在运行:$mysql_ps" >> $backup_path/dump.log mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l` if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!" >> $backup_path/dump.log exit else echo "Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" >> $backup_path/dump.log echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......" >> $backup_path/dump.log fi #开始备份 echo "开始备份..." >> $backup_path/dump.log docker exec h3_mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $database_name --default-character-set=$mysql_charset > $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql #开始压缩 cd $backup_path tar -zcvf $database_name-$date_time.tar.gz $database_name-$date_time.sql #更新备份日志 echo "压缩原文件 create $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.tar.gz" >> $backup_path/dump.log #删除源文件 rm -rf $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql echo "压缩后删除原文件 delete $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql" >> $backup_path/dump.log #找出需要删除的备份 delfile=`ls -l -crt $backup_path/*.tar.gz | awk '{print $9 }' | head -1` #判断现在的备份数量是否大于阈值 number=`ls -l -crt $backup_path/*.tar.gz | awk '{print $9 }' | wc -l` if [ $number -gt $count ] then #删除最早生成的备份,只保留count数量的备份 rm $delfile #更新删除文件日志 echo "$date 删除 $count 前的文件 delete $delfile" >> $backup_path/dump.log fi
#用户名 mysql_user="root" #密码 mysql_password="root" mysql_host="101.133.170.222" #端口号 mysql_port="3306" #将要备份的数据库 database_name="ruoyi" #编码格式 mysql_charset="utf8" #保存备份文件最多个数 count=3 #备份保存路径 backup_path=/data/mysql/bakup #日期 date_time=`date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M` #如果文件夹不存在则创建 if [ ! -d $backup_path ]; then mkdir -p $backup_path; fi #查看MySQL是否在运行 mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l` echo "$date_time 查看MySQL是否在运行:$mysql_ps" >> $backup_path/dump.log mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l` if [ [$mysql_ps == 0] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then echo "$date_time ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!" >> $backup_path/dump.log exit else echo "$date_time Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" >> $backup_path/dump.log echo "$date_time MySQL connect ok! Please wait......" >> $backup_path/dump.log fi #开始备份 echo "$date_time 开始备份...$backup_path" >> $backup_path/dump.log docker exec h3_mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $database_name --default-character-set=$mysql_charset > $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql echo "$date_time 备份完成...$backup_path" >> $backup_path/dump.log #开始压缩 cd $backup_path tar -zcvf $database_name-$date_time.tar.gz $database_name-$date_time.sql #更新备份日志 echo "$date_time 压缩原文件 create $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.tar.gz" >> $backup_path/dump.log #删除源文件 rm -rf $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql echo "$date_time 压缩后删除原文件 delete $backup_path/$database_name-$date_time.sql" >> $backup_path/dump.log #找出需要删除的备份 delfile=`ls -l -crt $backup_path/*.tar.gz | awk '{print $9 }' | head -1` #判断现在的备份数量是否大于阈值 number=`ls -l -crt $backup_path/*.tar.gz | awk '{print $9 }' | wc -l` if [ $number -gt $count ] then #删除最早生成的备份,只保留count数量的备份 rm $delfile #更新删除文件日志 echo "$date_time 删除 $count 前的文件 delete $delfile" >> $backup_path/dump.log echo "$date_time 备份成功" >> $backup_path/dump.log fi
时间格式:
# 常用时间格式
每五分钟执行 */5 * * * *
每小时执行 0 * * * *
每天执行 0 0 * * *
每周执行 0 0 * * 0
每月执行 0 0 1 * *
每年执行 0 0 1 1 *
# crontab 文件的格式
{minute} {hour} {day-of-month} {month} {day-of-week} {full-path-to-shell-script}
minute: 区间为 0 – 59
hour: 区间为0 – 23
day-of-month: 区间为0 – 31
month: 区间为1 – 12. 1 是1月. 12是12月.
Day-of-week: 区间为0 – 7. 周日可以是0或7.
常用时间:
# 执行 crontab -e 命令,写入以下命令保存,每 5 分钟执行一次
*/5 * * * * sh /data/mysql/dump_mysql.sh
# 每天凌晨 5 点执行
0 5 * * * sh /data/mysql/dump_mysql.sh
保存如果 出现一下问题
进入/var/spool下查看cron目录是正常的,但是在cron里面没有权限建立文件这个根源。
(1)可以尝试先在/var/spool/cron目录下用vim编辑一个测试文件,看是否可以保存在这个cron目录下,如果无法保存提示权限问题。那么可能目录有什么特殊的地方,root用户也被约束了
# 查看是否有特殊的属性
[root@izuf61151k3ad2dso6mo9oz cron]# lsattr /var/spool/cron/root
# 去掉特殊的属性
[root@izuf61151k3ad2dso6mo9oz cron]# chattr -ai /var/spool/cron/root
# 再次编辑定时任务
[root@izuf61151k3ad2dso6mo9oz cron]# crontab -e
执行 lsattr /var/spool/cron/root
我们可以看到和常规的权限设置不一样,所以清楚这些特殊的属性
清除属性我们可以看到正常的权限的问题
再次执行 crontab -e
,编辑模式,添加 */5 * * * * sh /data/mysql/dump_mysql.sh
,保存即可
crontab 时间格式说明
0 5 * * * /root/bin/backup.sh
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