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1.网络管理:
1)/etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
系统设置的配置文件:
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/sysconfig/
total 592
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56 Oct 7 2006 amd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4765 Oct 7 2006 apmd
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 07:40 apm-scripts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 201 Oct 8 2006 arpwatch
-rw-r----- 1 root root 514 Oct 7 2006 auditd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194 Oct 16 08:23 authconfig
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 824 Oct 7 2006 autofs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 232 Oct 7 2006 bluetooth
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41 Oct 16 08:52 clock
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 23 2006 console
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Oct 8 2006 crond
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 109 Oct 7 2006 cyrus-imapd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16 Oct 16 08:23 desktop
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 91 Oct 7 2006 dhcp6r
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85 Oct 7 2006 dhcp6s
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39 Oct 7 2006 dhcpd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57 Oct 7 2006 dhcrelay
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3173 Oct 7 2006 diskdump
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Oct 7 2006 dund
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 Oct 7 2006 exim
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Oct 16 08:52 firstboot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25 Oct 16 08:23 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1592 Oct 7 2006 harddisks
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Oct 7 2006 hidd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 616 Oct 23 2006 httpd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3021 Nov 17 00:28 hwconf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101 Oct 16 08:23 i18n
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 991 May 20 2003 init
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 74 Oct 16 08:23 installinfo
-rw------- 1 root root 1386 Oct 7 2006 ip6tables-config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2296 Oct 7 2006 ipmi
-rw------- 1 root root 1375 Oct 7 2006 iptables-config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 58 Oct 7 2006 irda
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 358 Oct 25 2006 irqbalance
-rw------- 1 root root 430 Oct 7 2006 iscsi
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 188 Oct 16 08:23 kernel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Oct 16 08:23 keyboard
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 168 Oct 7 2006 kudzu
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 134 Oct 7 2006 lm_sensors
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Oct 16 08:23 mouse
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 408 Oct 16 08:01 named
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1940 Oct 7 2006 netdump
-rw------- 1 root root 668 Oct 16 07:40 netdump_id_dsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 616 Oct 16 07:40 netdump_id_dsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46 Nov 8 18:20 network
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 16 07:39 networking
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 16 08:22 network-scripts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 157 Oct 7 2006 ntpd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 349 Oct 25 2006 o2cb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 262 Oct 7 2006 openib.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 665 Oct 25 2006 oracleasm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 71 Oct 7 2006 pand
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38 Oct 16 08:22 pcmcia
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 7 2006 pgsql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1459 Oct 7 2006 prelink
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 806 Oct 8 2006 quagga
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 249 Oct 8 2006 radvd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 287 Oct 19 2004 rawdevices
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 16 07:45 rhn
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 111 Oct 8 2006 samba
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 420 Oct 7 2006 saslauthd
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Oct 16 07:39 selinux -> /etc/selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 Oct 8 2006 sendmail
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47 Oct 8 2006 spamassassin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 297 Oct 8 2006 squid
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 454 Oct 8 2006 syslog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 66 Oct 8 2006 sysstat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65 Oct 16 08:23 system-config-securitylevel
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146 Oct 25 2006 system-config-users
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 994 Oct 25 2006 system-logviewer
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1750 Oct 19 2006 tux
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 495 Oct 8 2006 vncservers
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 376 Oct 8 2006 xinetd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 543 Oct 8 2006 yppasswdd
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
total 324
-rw-r--r-- 3 root root 154 Nov 8 18:20 ifcfg-eth0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 254 Jun 21 2001 ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Oct 16 07:39 ifdown -> ../../../sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1060 Jun 21 2005 ifdown-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 820 Dec 2 2003 ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1769 Mar 29 2005 ifdown-ipsec
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4352 Sep 10 2004 ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Oct 16 07:39 ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1133 Aug 4 2004 ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1082 Sep 15 2003 ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1568 Nov 12 2002 ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 902 Jun 26 2002 ifdown-sl
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Oct 16 07:39 ifup -> ../../../sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12872 Jun 8 2004 ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4309 Dec 1 2005 ifup-ib
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11466 Aug 19 2004 ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7868 Mar 29 2005 ifup-ipsec
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 10466 Oct 17 2004 ifup-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 821 Jun 26 2002 ifup-ipx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Oct 16 07:39 ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 689 Jun 26 2002 ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 926 Jun 26 2002 ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2800 Aug 21 2004 ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3926 Oct 23 2003 ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1299 Apr 18 2005 ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3546 Oct 17 2004 ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1646 Jun 26 2002 ifup-sl
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3171 Oct 11 2004 ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 5408 Aug 18 2003 init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9596 Jun 10 2005 network-functions
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 42087 Dec 9 2004 network-functions-ipv6
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
HWADDR=08:00:27:09:6C:CA
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.56.2
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
IPV6INIT=no
1)oracle linux是以模块的方式载入网卡驱动程序的,如果已经设置在开机就使用网络,那么系统在开机启动时就会自动载入驱动程序模块。
在开机时,Linux会读取/etc/modprobe.conf文件中设定的。
所有网络设备都使用网卡的逻辑名来引用网卡。
好处就是:当系统更换了一个网卡,就不必变更所有相关的系统配置文件和脚本中的网卡名。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/modprobe.conf
alias scsi_hostadapter ahci
alias eth0 e1000
alias snd-card-0 snd-intel8x0
options snd-card-0 index=0
install snd-intel8x0 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-intel8x0 && /usr/sbin/alsactl restore >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
remove snd-intel8x0 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-intel8x0
alias usb-controller ohci-hcd
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:09:6C:CA
inet addr:192.168.56.2 Bcast:192.168.56.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe09:6cca/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:720 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:388 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:58098 (56.7 KiB) TX bytes:35193 (34.3 KiB)
Base address:0xd010 Memory:f0000000-f0020000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:1908 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1908 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2369424 (2.2 MiB) TX bytes:2369424 (2.2 MiB)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.177.6 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.177.254
[root@localhost ~]# netconfig
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
5.一些用户管理命令:
[root@localhost ~]# finger zhao
Login: zhao Name: zhao
Directory: /home/zhao Shell: /bin/bash
On since Sat Nov 17 09:57 (CST) on pts/1 from 192.168.56.1
No mail.
No Plan.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde1 //转换成一个物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdf1 //转换成物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgd /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 //创建一个逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 250M -n lvdog vgd //分配一个150M的逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/vgd //如果显示结果有 /dev/mapper/vgd-lvdog,说明成功
[root@localhost ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/vgd/lvdog//格式化
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 250M /dev/vgd/lvdog//扩展逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# ext2online /dev/vgd/lvdog//联机方式格式化
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdg1
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend vgd /dev/sdg1 //扩展逻辑卷
[root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vgd/lvdog//移除
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 /dev/sdg1//移除物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# quotacheck -c /home
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