数据结构与算法（Python）——Lesson3

双向链表

一种更复杂的链表是“双向链表”或“双面链表”。每个节点有两个链接：一个指向前一个节点，当此节点为第一个节点时，指向空值；而另一个指向下一个节点，当此节点为最后一个节点时，指向空值。

class Node(object):
    """双向链表节点"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item
        self.next = None
        self.prev = None
 
 
class DLinkList(object):
    """双向链表"""
    def __init__(self):
        self._head = None
 
    def is_empty(self):
        """判断链表是否为空"""
        return self._head == None
 
    def length(self):
        """返回链表的长度"""
        cur = self._head
        count = 0
        while cur != None:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        return count
 
    def travel(self):
        """遍历链表"""
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            print(cur.item)
            cur = cur.next
        print ""
 
    def add(self, item):
        """头部插入元素"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            # 如果是空链表，将_head指向node
            self._head = node
        else:
            # 将node的next指向_head的头节点
            node.next = self._head
            # 将_head的头节点的prev指向node
            self._head.prev = node
            # 将_head 指向node
            self._head = node
 
    def append(self, item):
        """尾部插入元素"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            # 如果是空链表，将_head指向node
            self._head = node
        else:
            # 移动到链表尾部
            cur = self._head
            while cur.next != None:
                cur = cur.next
            # 将尾节点cur的next指向node
            cur.next = node
            # 将node的prev指向cur
            node.prev = cur
 
 
 
    def search(self, item):
        """查找元素是否存在"""
        cur = self._head
        while cur != None:
            if cur.item == item:
                return True
            cur = cur.next
        return False

插入元素：

 def insert(self, pos, item):
        """在指定位置添加节点"""
        if pos <= 0:
            self.add(item)
        elif pos > (self.length()-1):
            self.append(item)
        else:
            node = Node(item)
            cur = self._head
            count = 0
            # 移动到指定位置的前一个位置
            while count < (pos-1):
                count += 1
                cur = cur.next
            # 将node的prev指向cur
            node.prev = cur
            # 将node的next指向cur的下一个节点
            node.next = cur.next
            # 将cur的下一个节点的prev指向node
            cur.next.prev = node
            # 将cur的next指向node
            cur.next = node

删除元素

def remove(self, item):
        """删除元素"""
        if self.is_empty():
            return
        else:
            cur = self._head
            if cur.item == item:
                # 如果首节点的元素即是要删除的元素
                if cur.next == None:
                    # 如果链表只有这一个节点
                    self._head = None
                else:
                    # 将第二个节点的prev设置为None
                    cur.next.prev = None
                    # 将_head指向第二个节点
                    self._head = cur.next
                return
            while cur != None:
                if cur.item == item:
                    # 将cur的前一个节点的next指向cur的后一个节点
                    cur.prev.next = cur.next
                    # 将cur的后一个节点的prev指向cur的前一个节点
                    cur.next.prev = cur.prev
                    break
                cur = cur.next

运行结果：

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ll = DLinkList()
    ll.add(1)
    ll.add(2)
    ll.append(3)
    ll.insert(2, 4)
    ll.insert(4, 5)
    ll.insert(0, 6)
    print("length:",ll.length())
    ll.travel()
    print(ll.search(3))
    print(ll.search(4))
    ll.remove(1)
    print("length:",ll.length())
    ll.travel()

length: 6
6
2
1
4
3
5
True
True
length: 5
6
2
4
3
5
 

 单项循环列表

class Node(object):
    """节点"""
    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item
        self.next = None
 
 
class SinCycLinkedlist(object):
    """单向循环链表"""
    def __init__(self):
        self._head = None
 
    def is_empty(self):
        """判断链表是否为空"""
        return self._head == None
 
    def length(self):
        """返回链表的长度"""
        # 如果链表为空，返回长度0
        if self.is_empty():
            return 0
        count = 1
        cur = self._head
        while cur.next != self._head:
            count += 1
            cur = cur.next
        return count
 
    def travel(self):
        """遍历链表"""
        if self.is_empty():
            return
        cur = self._head
        print(cur.item)
        while cur.next != self._head:
            cur = cur.next
            print(cur.item)
 
 
 
    def add(self, item):
        """头部添加节点"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            self._head = node
            node.next = self._head
        else:
            #添加的节点指向_head
            node.next = self._head
            # 移到链表尾部，将尾部节点的next指向node
            cur = self._head
            while cur.next != self._head:
                cur = cur.next
            cur.next = node
            #_head指向添加node的
            self._head = node
 
    def append(self, item):
        """尾部添加节点"""
        node = Node(item)
        if self.is_empty():
            self._head = node
            node.next = self._head
        else:
            # 移到链表尾部
            cur = self._head
            while cur.next != self._head:
                cur = cur.next
            # 将尾节点指向node
            cur.next = node
            # 将node指向头节点_head
            node.next = self._head
 
    def insert(self, pos, item):
        """在指定位置添加节点"""
        if pos <= 0:
            self.add(item)
        elif pos > (self.length()-1):
            self.append(item)
        else:
            node = Node(item)
            cur = self._head
            count = 0
            # 移动到指定位置的前一个位置
            while count < (pos-1):
                count += 1
                cur = cur.next
            node.next = cur.next
            cur.next = node
 
    def remove(self, item):
        """删除一个节点"""
        # 若链表为空，则直接返回
        if self.is_empty():
            return
        # 将cur指向头节点
        cur = self._head
        pre = None
        # 若头节点的元素就是要查找的元素item
        if cur.item == item:
            # 如果链表不止一个节点
            if cur.next != self._head:
                # 先找到尾节点，将尾节点的next指向第二个节点
                while cur.next != self._head:
                    cur = cur.next
                # cur指向了尾节点
                cur.next = self._head.next
                self._head = self._head.next
            else:
                # 链表只有一个节点
                self._head = None
        else:
            pre = self._head
            # 第一个节点不是要删除的
            while cur.next != self._head:
                # 找到了要删除的元素
                if cur.item == item:
                    # 删除
                    pre.next = cur.next
                    return
                else:
                    pre = cur
                    cur = cur.next
            # cur 指向尾节点
            if cur.item == item:
                # 尾部删除
                pre.next = cur.next
 
    def search(self, item):
        """查找节点是否存在"""
        if self.is_empty():
            return False
        cur = self._head
        if cur.item == item:
            return True
        while cur.next != self._head:
            cur = cur.next
            if cur.item == item:
                return True
        return False
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    ll = SinCycLinkedlist()
    ll.add(1)
    ll.add(2)
    ll.append(3)
    ll.insert(2, 4)
    ll.insert(4, 5)
    ll.insert(0, 6)
    print("length:",ll.length())
    ll.travel()
    print(ll.search(3))
    print(ll.search(7))
    ll.remove(1)
    print("length:",ll.length())
    ll.travel()

 测试结果：

length: 6
6
2
1
4
3
5
True
False
length: 5
6
2
4
3
5