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rpm方式离线安装_离线安装rpm
作者：码创造者 | 2024-08-12 14:36:42
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离线安装rpm
在我们安装命令或软件时想要离线安装，但是我们会发现辛辛苦苦在网上找的rpm包安装总是会报依赖不存在问题。
怎么解决呢，难道一个一个的去把依赖包下完吗？甚至你下载的依赖包还依赖了其他的rpm包，然后进行套娃操作。
重点来了！！！
我们知道yum是可以自动下载rpm并进行安装的。当然yum是需要网络支撑的。那有什么办法能够去解决问题吗？
在windows或android上你没有某个软件是否会让你的朋友把安装包发给你呢？在Linux我们也可以用这样的思路来解决问题。
所以前提是我们要有：
- 一台能够上网的Linux系统；（云服务器，虚拟机）
现在上网的机器就是我们的朋友。我们可以通过（这里我们用vim举例）不建议使用：
yum install --downloaddir=/home/vim_rpm --downloadonly vim
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以上命令来只下载依赖而不安装。
--downloaddir:指定下载目录
--downloadonly:只下载不安装
执行之后我们会发现我们的/home/vim_rpm下有很多的rpm包，这些包即为vim所需的所有依赖。
有些同学会发现我这里没有任何东西呀！这种情况是会发生的，当我们的系统已经有vim命令yum是不会下载的。细心的同学会发现执行命令时提示了：vim already exists,nothing to do等，这也是不建议使用这种方式的原因
那该如何解决呢？难道要把vim删了？
如果通过删除这种方式的话我们不一定能够得到所有我们需要的rpm。如果有一个依赖没删掉那么就不会下载这个依赖。我们安装时仍然会缺少依赖
所以这里我们会使用Docker来解决这个问题。
首先为了你找到的朋友使用的系统和你一样。我们通常会先看看没网的机器系统是什么版本(centos举例)：
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
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得到我们机器的版本后我们需要在docker上也装上一个系统。
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker pull centos:7
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
7: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
Digest: sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4
Status: Image is up to date for docker.io/centos:7
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 15 months ago 204 MB
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运行这个镜像：
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker run -d --rm --name centos_download eeb6ee3f44bd tail -f /dev/null
a328f1c9a0c3a0723fa216eb2afe0c279b3a79506fe63c19840a1b74b6a8ae26
[root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a328f1c9a0c3 eeb6ee3f44bd "tail -f /dev/null" 3 seconds ago Up 3 seconds centos_download
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现在我们可以通过镜像下载我们所需要的rpm了：
# #第一步 # #进入容器下载我们想要的依赖 # # # [root@VM-12-16-centos ~]# docker exec -it centos_download yum install --downloaddir=/home/vim_rpm --downloadonly vim Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * updates: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 249 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:00 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 19 MB 00:00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: which for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed ---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64 ---> Package which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 will be installed ---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 will be installed ---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: groff-base for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 1.1 M Installing for dependencies: gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-6.el7 base 32 k groff-base x86_64 1.22.2-8.el7 base 942 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 8.0 M perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 base 19 k perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 base 1.5 M perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 base 28 k perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 base 26 k perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 base 56 k perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 base 76 k perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 base 56 k perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 base 38 k perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 base 82 k perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 updates 52 k perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 base 87 k perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 base 216 k perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 base 27 k perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 base 36 k perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-5.el7 base 49 k perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 base 77 k perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 base 14 k perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 base 45 k perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 base 24 k perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 base 19 k perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 690 k perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 44 k perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 base 12 k perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 base 112 k perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 base 49 k perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 base 39 k vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 5.9 M vim-filesystem x86_64 2:7.4.629-8.el7_9 updates 11 k which x86_64 2.20-7.el7 base 41 k Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+32 Dependent packages) Total download size: 19 M Installed size: 63 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: warning: /home/vim_rpm/gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY Public key for gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/33): gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00 (2/33): perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm | 19 kB 00:00:00 (3/33): groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 942 kB 00:00:00 (4/33): perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00:00 (5/33): perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00 Public key for perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm is not installed (6/33): perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 8.0 MB 00:00:00 (7/33): perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:00 (8/33): perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00 (9/33): perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 56 kB 00:00:00 (10/33): perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 76 kB 00:00:00 (11/33): perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 38 kB 00:00:00 (12/33): perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 87 kB 00:00:00 (13/33): perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 216 kB 00:00:00 (14/33): perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 27 kB 00:00:00 (15/33): perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 (16/33): perl-Socket-2.010-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 49 kB 00:00:00 (17/33): perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00:00 (18/33): perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00 (19/33): perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 45 kB 00:00:00 (20/33): perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 24 kB 00:00:00 (21/33): perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 19 kB 00:00:00 (22/33): perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch.rpm | 12 kB 00:00:00 (23/33): perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm | 112 kB 00:00:00 (24/33): perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 49 kB 00:00:00 (25/33): perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00 (26/33): perl-macros-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 44 kB 00:00:01 (27/33): perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-299.el7_9.noarch.rpm | 52 kB 00:00:01 (28/33): perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 82 kB 00:00:01 (29/33): perl-libs-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 690 kB 00:00:01 (30/33): vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:00 (31/33): vim-filesystem-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 11 kB 00:00:00 (32/33): vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 5.9 MB 00:00:00 (33/33): which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 41 kB 00:00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9.7 MB/s | 19 MB 00:00:01 exiting because "Download Only" specified # #第二步 # #将docker容器的资源复制到服务器 # # # # docker cp centos_download:/home/vim_rpm 服务器路径 [root@VM-12-16-centos home]# docker cp centos_download:/home/vim_rpm /home/vim_rpm [root@VM-12-16-centos home]# ls vim_rpm [root@VM-12-16-centos home]# cd vim_rpm [root@VM-12-16-centos vim_rpm]# ls gpm-libs-1.20.7-6.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64.rpm groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch.rpm perl-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch.rpm vim-common-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm perl-libs-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64.rpm vim-enhanced-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch.rpm perl-macros-5.16.3-299.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-Socket-2.010-5.el7.x86_64.rpm vim-filesystem-7.4.629-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64.rpm which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch.rpm perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch.rpm perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch.rpm perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-299.el7_9.noarch.rpm perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64.rpm perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch.rpm perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64.rpm
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做完上面的事情我们便可以将vim_rpm文件夹上传到我们不能上网的服务器上。
然后进入vim_rpm文件夹下安装即可：
yum install -y *.rpm
- 1
本方式适用于所有能通过yum源安装的命令与软件
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