scrapy 爬取旅游景点相关数据（一）

第一节 Scrapy 练习爬取穷游旅游景点

本项目为scrapy 练手项目，爬取的是穷游旅游景点列表数据

0 系统的环境

现在网上可以找到很多scrapy版本的视频或者代码，为避免混淆，下面列出本文开发过程中使用的软件版本。 scrapy 和 selenium 新版本和老版都改了不少东西，所以在查问题的时候务必看下版本，很多老的文章中的源码都已经无法正常运行了。

python 3.9

# python 依赖
scrapy==2.11.2
selenium==4.23.1
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1 创建项目

scrapy startproject tutorial2

scrapy genspider <爬虫名字> <允许的域名>
# 实际命令
scrapy genspider qiongyou qyer.com
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2 编写爬虫

class QiongyouSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'qiongyou'
    allowed_domains = ['qyer.com']
    start_urls = ['https://place.qyer.com/tokyo/sight/']

    def parse(self, response):
        # 定义对网站的操作 (保存HTML）
        with open('japan.html', 'wb') as f:
            f.write(response.body)

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3 执行爬虫

scrapy crawl qiongyou
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直接执行是报错503的，要启用下载中间件模块，增加user-agent就可以爬取了。

4 修改settings.py配置，激活下载中间件，我这边在中间件middlewares.py 中增加了一个随机的user-agent头。

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'tutorial2.middlewares.Tutorial2DownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}
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    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        user_agent_list = [
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0;',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
            'Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
            'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',
            'MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1',
            'Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124',
            'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)',
            'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999',
            'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999'
        ]

        request.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(user_agent_list)

        return None
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执行第3步的命令 根据下载下来的japan.html可以看到，确实可以看到景点数据。

5 问题

然后查看翻页机制，发现这个页面的翻页是通过js加载数据动态实现的，因此需要研究其他手段例如结合scrapy + selenium才能有效爬取后续页面的数据。