Spring Boot Ajax示例

作者：IT小白 | 2024-05-31 11:57:22

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spring boot ajax例子

本文将向您展示如何使用jQuery.ajax将HTML表单请求发送到Spring REST API并返回JSON响应。

使用的工具：

Spring Boot 1.5.1。发布
Spring4.3.6。发布
Maven 3
jQuery的
引导程序3

注意
您可能对这个经典的Spring MVC Ajax示例感兴趣

1.项目结构

标准的Maven项目结构。

2.项目依赖性

一个普通的Spring Boot依赖项和一些webjars资源。

pom.xml


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
	http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.mkyong</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-ajax-example</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0</version>
 
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
 
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
            <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.7</version>
        </dependency>
 
    </dependencies>
 
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Package as an executable jar/war -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 
</project>

3. Spring REST API

3.1 REST控制器，接受SearchCriteria并返回ResponseEntity

SearchController.java


package com.mkyong.controller;
 
import com.mkyong.model.AjaxResponseBody;
import com.mkyong.model.SearchCriteria;
import com.mkyong.model.User;
import com.mkyong.services.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.Errors;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@RestController
public class SearchController {
 
    UserService userService;
 
    @Autowired
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
 
    @PostMapping("/api/search")
    public ResponseEntity<?> getSearchResultViaAjax(
            @Valid @RequestBody SearchCriteria search, Errors errors) {
 
        AjaxResponseBody result = new AjaxResponseBody();
 
        //If error, just return a 400 bad request, along with the error message
        if (errors.hasErrors()) {
 
            result.setMsg(errors.getAllErrors()
                        .stream().map(x -> x.getDefaultMessage())
                        .collect(Collectors.joining(",")));
 
            return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(result);
 
        }
 
        List<User> users = userService.findByUserNameOrEmail(search.getUsername());
        if (users.isEmpty()) {
            result.setMsg("no user found!");
        } else {
            result.setMsg("success");
        }
        result.setResult(users);
 
        return ResponseEntity.ok(result);
 
    }
 
}

3.2一些POJO。

AjaxResponseBody.java


package com.mkyong.model;
 
import java.util.List;
 
public class AjaxResponseBody {
 
    String msg;
    List<User> result;
 
    //getters and setters
 
}

User.java


package com.mkyong.model;
 
public class User {
 
    String username;
    String password;
    String email;
 
    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }
 
    //getters and setters
}

3.3验证。

SearchCriteria.java


package com.mkyong.model;
 
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank;
 
public class SearchCriteria {
 
    @NotBlank(message = "username can't empty!")
    String username;
 
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
 
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
}

3.4初始化一些用户进行搜索的服务。

UserService.java


package com.mkyong.services;
 
import com.mkyong.model.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@Service
public class UserService {
 
    private List<User> users;
 
    // Love Java 8
    public List<User> findByUserNameOrEmail(String username) {
 
        List<User> result = users.stream()
            .filter(x -> x.getUsername().equalsIgnoreCase(username))
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
        return result;
 
    }
 
    // Init some users for testing
    @PostConstruct
    private void iniDataForTesting() {
 
        users = new ArrayList<User>();
 
        User user1 = new User("mkyong", "password111", "mkyong@yahoo.com");
        User user2 = new User("yflow", "password222", "yflow@yahoo.com");
        User user3 = new User("laplap", "password333", "mkyong@yahoo.com");
 
        users.add(user1);
        users.add(user2);
        users.add(user3);
 
    }
 
}

3.5 Spring Boot Starter。

UserService.java


package com.mkyong;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootWebApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class, args);
    }
 
}

4. HTML表单+ jQuery Ajax

4.1一个简单的HTML表单，装饰有引导程序。

ajax.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
 
<head>
    <title>Spring Boot ajax example</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
 
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
          href="webjars/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
</head>
<body>
 
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Mkyong.com</a>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>
 
<div class="container" style="min-height: 500px">
 
    <div class="starter-template">
        <h1>Spring Boot AJAX Example</h1>
 
        <div id="feedback"></div>
 
        <form class="form-horizontal" id="search-form">
            <div class="form-group form-group-lg">
                <label class="col-sm-2 control-label">Username</label>
                <div class="col-sm-10">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="username"/>
                </div>
            </div>
 
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
                    <button type="submit" id="bth-search"
                            class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Search
                    </button>
                </div>
            </div>
        </form>
 
    </div>
 
</div>
 
<div class="container">
    <footer>
        <p>
            © <a href="http://www.mkyong.com">Mkyong.com</a> 2017
        </p>
    </footer>
</div>
 
<script type="text/javascript"
        src="webjars/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
 
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/main.js"></script>
 
</body>
</html>

4.2获取HTML表单，通过JSON.stringify将搜索条件转换为JSON格式，并通过jQuery.ajax发送POST请求

main.js


$(document).ready(function () {
 
    $("#search-form").submit(function (event) {
 
        //stop submit the form, we will post it manually.
        event.preventDefault();
 
        fire_ajax_submit();
 
    });
 
});
 
function fire_ajax_submit() {
 
    var search = {}
    search["username"] = $("#username").val();
 
    $("#btn-search").prop("disabled", true);
 
    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        contentType: "application/json",
        url: "/api/search",
        data: JSON.stringify(search),
        dataType: 'json',
        cache: false,
        timeout: 600000,
        success: function (data) {
 
            var json = "<h4>Ajax Response</h4>&lt;pre&gt;"
                + JSON.stringify(data, null, 4) + "&lt;/pre&gt;";
            $('#feedback').html(json);
 
            console.log("SUCCESS : ", data);
            $("#btn-search").prop("disabled", false);
 
        },
        error: function (e) {
 
            var json = "<h4>Ajax Response</h4>&lt;pre&gt;"
                + e.responseText + "&lt;/pre&gt;";
            $('#feedback').html(json);
 
            console.log("ERROR : ", e);
            $("#btn-search").prop("disabled", false);
 
        }
    });
 
}

做完了

5.演示

5.1启动Spring Boot

Terminal


$ mvn spring-boot:run
 
  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.5.1.RELEASE)
2017-02-03 14:56:36 DEBUG com.mkyong.SpringBootWebApplication - Running with Spring Boot v1.5.1.RELEASE, Spring v4.3.6.RELEASE
2017-02-03 14:56:36 INFO  com.mkyong.SpringBootWebApplication - No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-02-03 14:56:39 INFO  com.mkyong.SpringBootWebApplication - Started SpringBootWebApplication in 2.828 seconds (JVM running for 3.295)