python matplotlib 绘图_import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

作者：weixin_40725706 | 2024-02-29 16:58:59

踩

import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from pylab import mpl

1.散点图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']#正常显示字体
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False#正常显示图像中的负号

x=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
y=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.title('散点图')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()
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2.折线图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

x=np.linspace(start=0,stop=30,num=300)
y=np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.title('折线图')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()
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3.柱状图
更多柱状图
 python画柱状图并数值显示

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

x=['a','b','c','d']
y=[3,5,7,9]
plt.bar(x,y,width=0.5)
plt.title('柱状图')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()
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4.直方图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

x=np.random.normal(loc=10,scale=1,size=100)

plt.hist(x,bins=50)
plt.title('直方图')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()
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6.图形属性
常用的颜色属性

cnames = {
'aliceblue':            '#F0F8FF',
'antiquewhite':         '#FAEBD7',
'aqua':                 '#00FFFF',
'aquamarine':           '#7FFFD4',
'azure':                '#F0FFFF',
'beige':                '#F5F5DC',
'bisque':               '#FFE4C4',
'black':                '#000000',
'blanchedalmond':       '#FFEBCD',
'blue':                 '#0000FF',
'blueviolet':           '#8A2BE2',
'brown':                '#A52A2A',
'burlywood':            '#DEB887',
'cadetblue':            '#5F9EA0',
'chartreuse':           '#7FFF00',
'chocolate':            '#D2691E',
'coral':                '#FF7F50',
'cornflowerblue':       '#6495ED',
'cornsilk':             '#FFF8DC',
'crimson':              '#DC143C',
'cyan':                 '#00FFFF',
'darkblue':             '#00008B',
'darkcyan':             '#008B8B',
'darkgoldenrod':        '#B8860B',
'darkgray':             '#A9A9A9',
'darkgreen':            '#006400',
'darkkhaki':            '#BDB76B',
'darkmagenta':          '#8B008B',
'darkolivegreen':       '#556B2F',
'darkorange':           '#FF8C00',
'darkorchid':           '#9932CC',
'darkred':              '#8B0000',
'darksalmon':           '#E9967A',
'darkseagreen':         '#8FBC8F',
'darkslateblue':        '#483D8B',
'darkslategray':        '#2F4F4F',
'darkturquoise':        '#00CED1',
'darkviolet':           '#9400D3',
'deeppink':             '#FF1493',
'deepskyblue':          '#00BFFF',
'dimgray':              '#696969',
'dodgerblue':           '#1E90FF',
'firebrick':            '#B22222',
'floralwhite':          '#FFFAF0',
'forestgreen':          '#228B22',
'fuchsia':              '#FF00FF',
'gainsboro':            '#DCDCDC',
'ghostwhite':           '#F8F8FF',
'gold':                 '#FFD700',
'goldenrod':            '#DAA520',
'gray':                 '#808080',
'green':                '#008000',
'greenyellow':          '#ADFF2F',
'honeydew':             '#F0FFF0',
'hotpink':              '#FF69B4',
'indianred':            '#CD5C5C',
'indigo':               '#4B0082',
'ivory':                '#FFFFF0',
'khaki':                '#F0E68C',
'lavender':             '#E6E6FA',
'lavenderblush':        '#FFF0F5',
'lawngreen':            '#7CFC00',
'lemonchiffon':         '#FFFACD',
'lightblue':            '#ADD8E6',
'lightcoral':           '#F08080',
'lightcyan':            '#E0FFFF',
'lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2',
'lightgreen':           '#90EE90',
'lightgray':            '#D3D3D3',
'lightpink':            '#FFB6C1',
'lightsalmon':          '#FFA07A',
'lightseagreen':        '#20B2AA',
'lightskyblue':         '#87CEFA',
'lightslategray':       '#778899',
'lightsteelblue':       '#B0C4DE',
'lightyellow':          '#FFFFE0',
'lime':                 '#00FF00',
'limegreen':            '#32CD32',
'linen':                '#FAF0E6',
'magenta':              '#FF00FF',
'maroon':               '#800000',
'mediumaquamarine':     '#66CDAA',
'mediumblue':           '#0000CD',
'mediumorchid':         '#BA55D3',
'mediumpurple':         '#9370DB',
'mediumseagreen':       '#3CB371',
'mediumslateblue':      '#7B68EE',
'mediumspringgreen':    '#00FA9A',
'mediumturquoise':      '#48D1CC',
'mediumvioletred':      '#C71585',
'midnightblue':         '#191970',
'mintcream':            '#F5FFFA',
'mistyrose':            '#FFE4E1',
'moccasin':             '#FFE4B5',
'navajowhite':          '#FFDEAD',
'navy':                 '#000080',
'oldlace':              '#FDF5E6',
'olive':                '#808000',
'olivedrab':            '#6B8E23',
'orange':               '#FFA500',
'orangered':            '#FF4500',
'orchid':               '#DA70D6',
'palegoldenrod':        '#EEE8AA',
'palegreen':            '#98FB98',
'paleturquoise':        '#AFEEEE',
'palevioletred':        '#DB7093',
'papayawhip':           '#FFEFD5',
'peachpuff':            '#FFDAB9',
'peru':                 '#CD853F',
'pink':                 '#FFC0CB',
'plum':                 '#DDA0DD',
'powderblue':           '#B0E0E6',
'purple':               '#800080',
'red':                  '#FF0000',
'rosybrown':            '#BC8F8F',
'royalblue':            '#4169E1',
'saddlebrown':          '#8B4513',
'salmon':               '#FA8072',
'sandybrown':           '#FAA460',
'seagreen':             '#2E8B57',
'seashell':             '#FFF5EE',
'sienna':               '#A0522D',
'silver':               '#C0C0C0',
'skyblue':              '#87CEEB',
'slateblue':            '#6A5ACD',
'slategray':            '#708090',
'snow':                 '#FFFAFA',
'springgreen':          '#00FF7F',
'steelblue':            '#4682B4',
'tan':                  '#D2B48C',
'teal':                 '#008080',
'thistle':              '#D8BFD8',
'tomato':               '#FF6347',
'turquoise':            '#40E0D0',
'violet':               '#EE82EE',
'wheat':                '#F5DEB3',
'white':                '#FFFFFF',
'whitesmoke':           '#F5F5F5',
'yellow':               '#FFFF00',
'yellowgreen':          '#9ACD32'}
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marker可选参数

'.'       point marker
','       pixel marker
'o'       circle marker
'v'       triangle_down marker
'^'       triangle_up marker
'<'       triangle_left marker
'>'       triangle_right marker
'1'       tri_down marker
'2'       tri_up marker
'3'       tri_left marker
'4'       tri_right marker
's'       square marker
'p'       pentagon marker
'*'       star marker
'h'       hexagon1 marker
'H'       hexagon2 marker
'+'       plus marker
'x'       x marker
'D'       diamond marker
'd'       thin_diamond marker
'|'       vline marker
'_'       hline marker

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linestyle可选参数：

'-'       solid line style
'--'      dashed line style
'-.'      dash-dot line style
':'       dotted line style

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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

x=np.linspace(start=0,stop=30,num=30)
y=np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y,color='r',marker='d',linestyle='--',linewidth=2,alpha=0.8)
plt.title("颜色：红，标记：菱形，线性：虚线，线宽：2，透明度：0.8")
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()
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7.子图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)#添加一个子图，返回子图句柄
ax2=fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
ax4=fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)

#子图1
x=np.linspace(start=0,stop=30,num=30)
y=sin(x)
ax1.plot(x,y)
ax1.set_xlabel('x')
ax1.set_ylabel('y')
ax1.set_title('子图1')


#子图2
x=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
y=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
ax2.scatter(x,y)
ax2.set_xlabel('x')
ax2.set_ylabel('y')
ax2.set_title('子图2')
#子图3
x=['a','b','c','d']
y=[3,5,7,9]
ax3.bar(x,y,width=0.5)
ax3.set_xlabel('x')
ax3.set_ylabel('y')
ax3.set_title('子图3')

#子图4
x=np.random.normal(loc=10,scale=1,size=100)
ax4.hist(x,bins=50)
ax4.set_xlabel('x')
ax4.set_ylabel('y')
ax4.set_title('子图4')

plt.show()
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或者


import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
#fig.suptitle('大标题', fontsize=18)

#子图1
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
x=np.linspace(start=0,stop=30,num=30)
y=sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('子图1')


#子图2
plt.subplot(2,2,2)
x=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
y=np.random.randint(low=2,high=10,size=10)
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('子图2')
#子图3
plt.subplot(2,2,3)
x=['a','b','c','d']
y=[3,5,7,9]
plt.bar(x,y,width=0.5)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('子图3')

#子图4
plt.subplot(2,2,4)
x=np.random.normal(loc=10,scale=1,size=100)
plt.hist(x,bins=50)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('子图4')
plt.show()

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8.三维图：曲线

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')#指定为3D

#子图1
theta=np.linspace(-4*np.pi,4*np.pi,100)

z=np.linspace(start=-2,stop=2,num=100)
r=z**2+1
x=r*np.sin(theta)
y=z*np.cos(theta)
ax.plot(x,y,z)
plt.show()

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9.三维图：散点图

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')#指定为3D

#子图1
x1=np.random.random(100)*20
y1=np.random.random(100)*20
z=x1+y1
ax.scatter(x1,y1,z)
plt.show()

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10.三维图：曲面图

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')#指定为3D

x=np.arange(-5,5,0.25)
y=np.arange(-5,5,0.25)
x,y=np.meshgrid(x,y)#用np.meshgrid生成坐标网格矩阵
z=np.sin(np.sqrt(x**2+y**2))
#使用plot_surface函数
#cmap=cm.coolwarm是颜色属性
surf=ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,cmap=cm.coolwarm)
plt.show()

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11.动态图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

POINTS = 100
sin_list = [0] * POINTS
indx = 0
# fig, ax = plt.subplots()
while True:
    if indx == 40:
        indx = 0
    indx += 1
    # 更新绘图数据
    sin_list = sin_list[1:] + [np.sin((indx / 20) * np.pi)]
    # 显示时间
    plt.pause(0.01)
    # 清除上一次显示
    plt.cla()
    plt.plot(sin_list)
    # plt.draw()也可以放在这个位置，不会阻塞
plt.draw()

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12.使图片可以手动保存
前面画的图，我们只能copy，不能自己手动保存。
添加一行代码import matplotlib; matplotlib.use('TkAgg') 即可实现

不加这行代码

加

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib; matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
x=np.linspace(-2*np.pi,2*np.pi,400)
siny=np.sin(x)
cosy=np.cos(x)

plt.plot(x,siny,color="red",label="sin(x)")
plt.plot(x,cosy,color="blue",label="cos(x)",linestyle="--")
plt.xlabel("输入数据 x")
plt.ylabel("sin(x) 或者 cos(x)")
plt.title("三角函数图")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

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然后我们可以手动保存，可以保存为不同格式。

13.调整坐标轴刻度大小
在绘图里加一行代码即可

plt.tick_params(labelsize=23)
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14.高级三维曲线图

import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import *
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False

fig=plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))#指定画布大小
ax=fig.gca(projection='3d')#指定为3D

#子图1
theta=np.linspace(-4*np.pi,4*np.pi,100)
x=np.sin(theta)
y=np.cos(theta)

ax.plot(np.ones(len(x)),np.arange(len(x)),x)
ax.plot(2*np.ones(len(x)),np.arange(len(x)),x)
ax.plot(3*np.ones(len(y)),np.arange(len(y)),y)
#plt.axis('off')#关闭所有坐标轴
ax.set_xlabel('个数')
ax.set_ylabel('长度')
ax.set_zlabel('数')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
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在这里插入图片描述
作者：电气余登武

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