【中危】启用了不安全的TLS1.0、TLS1.1协议_如何验证tls1.0这个漏洞

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1. 漏洞描述

TLS 1.0是于1996年发布的老版协议，使用的是弱加密算法和系统。比如SHA-1和MD5，这些算法和系统十分脆弱，存在重大安全漏洞，容易受到降级攻击的严重影响。

2. 补充学习

• TLS全称为：Transport Layer Security——安全传输层协议，用于在两个通信应用程序之间提供保密性和数据完整性。

• 该协议由两层组成： TLS 记录协议（TLS Record）和 TLS 握手协议（TLS Handshake）。较低的层为 TLS 记录协议，位于某个可靠的传输协议（例如 TCP）上面。
  

• TLS 的最大优势就在于：TLS 是独立于应用协议。高层协议可以透明地分布在 TLS 协议上面。

知识点小灶：TLS详解

3. 漏洞检测

使用nmap网络安全审计工具（kail中有集成）
检测命令：

nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 ip地址
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>nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 192.168.1.100
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-17 17:30 ?D1ú±ê×?ê±??
Nmap scan report for localhost (192.168.1.100)
Host is up (0.0089s latency).
 
PORT    STATE SERVICE
443/tcp open  https
| ssl-enum-ciphers:
|   TLSv1.0:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|   TLSv1.1:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|   TLSv1.2:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|_  least strength: A
 
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.55 seconds
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4. 漏洞修复

采用2008年和2017年发布的协议新版本，分为TLS 1.2和TLS 1.3。

# 原始配置
#ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 ;
# 修复配置
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 ;
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# HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  192.168.1.100;
        keepalive_timeout  70;
 
        ssl_certificate      cert/mycert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key  cert/privatekey.pem;
        
        #ssl_certificate      cert/server.crt;
        #ssl_certificate_key  cert/server_rsa_private.pem.unsecure;
 
        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;
 
		#ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 ;
		ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 ;
        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
 
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        
		# 映射服务器集群
		location /test/{
			proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP        $remote_addr;
			proxy_pass http://test;
		}
        location /status{
            stub_status on;
        }
    }
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漏洞复测

>nmap --script ssl-enum-ciphers -p 443 192.168.1.100
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-17 17:32 ?D1ú±ê×?ê±??
Nmap scan report for localhost (192.168.1.100)
Host is up (0.011s latency).
 
PORT    STATE SERVICE
443/tcp open  https
| ssl-enum-ciphers:
|   TLSv1.2:
|     ciphers:
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA384 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256 (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (ecdh_x25519) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM_8 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CCM (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_8 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA256 (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_256_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|       TLS_RSA_WITH_CAMELLIA_128_CBC_SHA (rsa 1024) - A
|     compressors:
|       NULL
|     cipher preference: server
|_  least strength: A
 
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 5.01 seconds
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5. 片尾彩蛋

道路注定很漫长，但如果一味地等待，就永远不会到达终点。——白岩松