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typedef int ELEM_TYPE;
//带头结点的单链表
//有效节点的结构体设计
typedef struct Node
{
ELEM_TYPE data; //数据域 //保存节点有效值
struct Node *next; //指针域 //保存下一个有效节点的地址
}Node, *PNode;
//typedef struct Node Node;
//typedef struct Node* PNode;
单链表的基本操作有 初始化,头插,尾插,按位置插,头删,尾删,按位置删,查找,按值删,获取有效值个数,判空,清空,销毁,打印
函数
//初始化 void Init_list(PNode plist); //头插 bool Insert_Head(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val); //尾插 bool Insert_Tail(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val); //按位置插 bool Insert_pos(struct Node *plist, int pos, ELEM_TYPE val); //头删 bool Del_head(struct Node* plist); //尾删 bool Del_tail(struct Node *plist); //按位置删 bool Del_pos(struct Node *plist, int pos); //按值删 bool Del_val(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val); //查找节点 struct Node* Search(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val); //获取有效值个数 int Get_Length(struct Node *plist); //判空 bool IsEmpty(struct Node *plist); //清空 void Clear(struct Node *plist); //20:10 //销毁 void Destroy(struct Node *plist); //打印 void Show(struct Node *plist);
void Init_list(PNode plist)
{
//assert plist
plist->next = NULL;
//plist->data; 头结点的数据域不使用
}
//头插 bool Insert_Head(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val) { //1.assert plist assert(plist != NULL); //2.购买新节点(购买好节点之后,记得将val值赋值进去) struct Node *pnewnode = (struct Node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct Node)); assert(pnewnode != NULL); pnewnode->data = val; //3.找到合适的插入位置 //因为是头插函数 所以不需要特意的去合适的位置 直接向plist后面插即可 //4.插入 pnewnode->next = plist->next; plist->next = pnewnode; return true; }
//尾插 bool Insert_Tail(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val) { //1.assert plist assert(plist != NULL); //2.购买新节点(购买好节点之后,记得将val值赋值进去) struct Node *pnewnode = (struct Node *)malloc(1 * sizeof(struct Node)); assert(pnewnode != NULL); pnewnode->data = val; //3.找到合适的插入位置 struct Node *p = plist; for(p; p->next!=NULL; p=p->next); //此时 p就指向尾结点 //4.插入 pnewnode->next = p->next; p->next = pnewnode; return true; }
//按位置插 bool Insert_pos(struct Node *plist, int pos, ELEM_TYPE val) { //assert assert(plist != NULL); assert(pos>=0 && pos<=Get_Length(plist)); //1.购买新节点(购买好节点之后,记得将val值赋值进去) struct Node *pnewnode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node)); assert(pnewnode != NULL); pnewnode->data = val; //2.找到合适的插入位置(让指针p指向合适的节点) struct Node *p = plist; for(int i=0; i<pos; i++) { p=p->next; } //3.插入 pnewnode->next = p->next; p->next = pnewnode; return true; }
//头删 bool Del_head(struct Node* plist) { //1.对plist 断言 assert(plist != NULL); //2.删除需要判空 if(IsEmpty(plist)) { return false; } //3.先申请一个临时指针p,指向第一个有效节点的地址 struct Node *p = plist->next; //4.头结点的next域跨越指向(不再指向第一个有效节点,而是指向第二个) plist->next = p->next; //plist->next = plist->next->next; free(p); return true; }
//尾删 bool Del_tail(struct Node *plist) { //1.对plist 断言 assert(plist != NULL); //2.删除需要判空(判空链表) if(IsEmpty(plist)) { return false; } //3.让临时指针p指向待删除节点(尾结点) struct Node *p = plist; for(; p->next!=NULL; p=p->next); //4.再让临时指针q指向倒数的第二个节点 struct Node *q = plist; for(; q->next!=p; q=q->next); //5.跨越指向,并释放待删除节点 q->next = p->next; //q->next = NULL; free(p); return true; }
//按位置删 bool Del_pos(struct Node *plist, int pos) { //1.对plist 断言 pos做合法性判断 assert(plist != NULL); assert(pos >=0 && pos < Get_Length(plist)); //2.删除需要判空(判空链表) if(IsEmpty(plist)) { return false; } //3.pos="几",则让指针q从头结点开始向后跑"几"步(此时,q指向待删除节点的上一个节点) struct Node *q = plist; for(int i=0; i<pos; i++)//此时,for循环结束,指针q指向待删除节点的上一个节点 { q=q->next; } //4.直接让q的next域给到指针p(此时,指针p指向待删除节点) struct Node *p = q->next;//此时,指针p指向待删除节点 //5.跨越指向,释放待删除节点 q->next = p->next; free(p); return true; }
//按值删 bool Del_val(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val) { //assert plist //删除需要判空(判空链表) if(IsEmpty(plist)) { return false; } //用指针p去接收Search函数的返回值 struct Node *p = Search(plist, val); if(p == NULL)//如果p==NULL 代表val不存在 { return false; } //执行这一行时,代表val值节点存在,且此时用p指向 //让指着q停留在指针p的上一个节点位置 struct Node *q = plist; for(; q->next!=p; q=q->next); //此时p和q分别已经指向了待删除节点和待删除节点的上一个节点 //,则此时直接跨越指向,并且释放待删除节点 q->next = p->next; free(p); return true; }
//查找节点
struct Node* Search(struct Node *plist, ELEM_TYPE val)
{
//assert plist
struct Node *p = plist->next;
for(; p!=NULL; p=p->next)
{
if(p->data == val)
{
return p;
}
}
return NULL;
}
int Get_Length(struct Node *plist)
{
//assert
int count = 0;
struct Node *p = plist->next;
for(; p!=NULL; p=p->next)
{
count++;
}
return count;
}
//判空
bool IsEmpty(struct Node *plist)
{
assert(plist != NULL);
//如果头结点的next域为NULL,则代表没有有效节点,为空链表
return plist->next == NULL;
}
有两种销毁方式
无限头删
双指针
//销毁1(无限头删) void Destroy1(struct Node *plist) { /*while(!IsEmpty(plist)) { Del_head(plist); }*/ while(plist->next != NULL) { struct Node *p = plist->next; plist->next = p->next; free(p); } } //销毁2(不借助头结点, 需要两个指针) void Destroy(struct Node *plist) { //assert struct Node *p = plist->next; struct Node *q = NULL; while(p != NULL) { q = p->next; free(p); p = q; } plist->next = NULL; }
//打印
void Show(struct Node *plist)
{
struct Node *p = plist->next;
for(; p!=NULL; p=p->next)
{
printf("%d ", p->data);
}
printf("\n");
}
//单链表测试用例 int main() { struct Node head; Init_list(&head); for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { Insert_pos(&head, i, i+1); } Show(&head); Insert_Head(&head, 100); Insert_Tail(&head, 200); Show(&head); Del_head(&head); Del_tail(&head); Show(&head); Del_pos(&head, 3);//1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 Del_val(&head, 7);//1 2 3 5 6 8 9 10 Show(&head); printf("length = %d\n", Get_Length(&head)); Destroy(&head); Show(&head); return 0; }
结果如下:
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