史上最全Python飞机大战（外星人入侵）_alien=group()

论述

最近，在学习Python，前面已经写了一个比较比较简单地飞机大战，这次我们增加一点难度，给飞机大战添加更多的功能，代码内容也相应的会增加不少，其代码块主要分为8块，详细内容如下：

1.主程序块：alien_invasion.py

该py文件为游戏的主要运行程序，其代码内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/22
import sys
import pygame

from ship import Ship
from setting import Settings
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from Alien import Alien
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoerboard

def run_game():
    #初始化pygame
    pygame.init()
    ai_settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
        (ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_width))
    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
    #创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例,并创建记分牌
    stats =GameStats(ai_settings)
    sb = Scoerboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)
    #创建play按钮
    play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")

    #创建一艘飞船
    ship = Ship(screen,ai_settings)
    #创建一个存储子弹的编组
    bullets = Group()
    #创建一个外星人编组
    aliens = Group()
    #创建外星人群
    gf.creat_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
    #创建一个外星人
    #alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

    #开始游戏循环
    while True:

        #监听键盘和鼠标事件
        gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
        if stats.game_active:
            ship.update()
            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

        #每次循环时都重绘屏幕,让最近绘制的屏幕可见
        gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)


run_game()
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2.游戏设置模块：setting.py

该模块主要存储游戏的设置的相关参数，以便集中统一管理，内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/22

class Settings(object):
    """存储游戏所有设置的类"""
    #初始化游戏的静态设置
    def __init__(self):
        """初始化游戏的设置"""
        self.screen_width = 600
        self.screen_height = 600
        self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

        #计分
        self.alien_points = 50
        #飞船的生命
        self.ship_limit = 3
        # 外星人下落的速度
        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

        #子弹设置
        self.bullet_width = 3
        self.bullet_height = 15
        self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
        self.bullets_allowed = 3

        #以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏
        self.speedup_scale =1.1
        self.score_scale = 1.5

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()


    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
        #飞船的速度
        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
        #外星人速度
        self.alien_speed_factor = 0.5
        #子弹的速度
        self.bullet_speed_factor = 1

        #fleet_direction为1表示向右移动，-1表示向左移动
        self.fleet_direction = 1


    def increase_speed(self):
        """提高速度设置和外星人的点数"""
        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

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3.游戏状态模块：game_stats.py

该模块主要是用于游戏状态的设置，跟踪游戏的统计信息，其内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/29
class GameStats(object):
    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
    def __init__(self,ai_settings):
        """初始化统计信息"""
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.reset_stats()
        #让游戏一开始处于非活动状态
        self.game_active = False
        #在任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分
        self.high_score = 0


    def reset_stats(self):
        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
        self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
        self.score = 0
        self.level = 1
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4.计分模块scoreboard.py

该模块主要功能是用来记录游戏当前的得分，最高分，以及当前游戏等级，内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/6/1
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoerboard():
    """显示得分信息的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
        self.stats = stats

        #显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
        self.text_color = (30,30,30)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None ,48)

        #准备初始得分图像
        self.prep_score()
        self.prep_high_score()
        self.prep_level()
        self.prep_ships()


    def prep_ships(self):
        """显示还剩下多少飞船"""
        self.ships = Group()
        for ship_number in range(self.stats.ship_left):
            ship = Ship(self.screen,self.ai_settings)
            ship.rect.x =10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
            ship.rect.y = 10
            self.ships.add(ship)



    def prep_level(self):
        """将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
        self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)
        #将等级放在得分下方
        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom +10


    def prep_high_score(self):
        """将最高得分转化为渲染的图像"""
        high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score,-1))
        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        #将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
        self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.high_score_rect.top = self.screen_rect.top


    def prep_score(self):
        """将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""
        round_score = int(round(self.stats.score,-1))
        score_str = "{:,}".format(round_score)
        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)


        #将得分放在屏幕右上角
        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right-20
        self.score_rect.top = 20

    def show_score(self):
        """在屏幕上显示得分"""
        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
        #绘制飞船
        self.ships.draw(self.screen)
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5.外星人类Alien.py

该模块主要存储了外星人的相关设置，包括其图像、初始位置等，其代码内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/27
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
    """表示单个外星人的类"""
    def __init__(self,ai_sttings,screen):
        """初始化外星人，并设置其初始位置"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings = ai_sttings

        #加载外星人图像，并设置其rect值
        self.image = pygame.image.load("images\\alien.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        #每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

        #存储外星人的准确位置
        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制外星人"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)


    def check_edges(self):
        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回TRUE"""
        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
        if self.rect.right >=screen_rect.right:
            return True
        elif self.rect.left <= 0:
            return  True


    def update(self):
        """向左或者向右移动外星人"""
        self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
        self.rect.x = self.x
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6.飞船类ship.py

该类主要是用于设置飞船的相关参数，内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/23
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):


    def __init__(self,screen,ai_settings):
        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen
        self.ai_settings =ai_settings

        #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
        self.image = pygame.image.load("images\ship.bmp")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        #将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央
        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom

        #在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

        #移动标志
        self.moving_right = False
        self.moving_left = False

    def blitme(self):
        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

    def update(self):
        """根据移动标志，调整飞船位置"""
        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self .screen_rect.right:
            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

        #根据center更新rect对象
        self.rect.centerx = self.center


    def center_ship(self):
        """让飞船在屏幕上居中"""
        self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
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子弹类bullet.py

该模块主要是设置飞船发射的子弹的相关参数，其内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/5/25
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""
        super().__init__()
        self.screen = screen

        #在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)
        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top

        #存储用小数表示的子弹位置
        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

        self.color =ai_settings.bullet_color
        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

    def update(self):
        """向上移动子弹"""
        #更新表示子弹位置的小数值
        self.y -= self.speed_factor
        #更新表示子弹的rect的位置
        self.rect.y = self.y

    def draw_bullet(self):
        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
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按钮类button.py

该模块是主要给游戏提供一个开始的按钮，点击之后才能开始游戏，代码内容如下：

# author: jinxian time:2020/6/1
import pygame.font

class Button():

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
        """初始化按钮的属性"""
        self.screen = screen
        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        #设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
        self.width,self.height = 200,50
        self.button_color =(0,255,0)
        self.text_color = (255,255,255)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

        #创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
        self.rect.center =self.screen_rect.center

        #按钮标签只需要创建一次
        self.prep_msg(msg)

    def prep_msg(self,msg):
        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center


    def draw_button(self):
        """绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮"""
        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
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一起来happy

最后所有代码准备完毕，即可快乐的完游戏啦，最终运行的结果如下图所示，一共有3条命哦，有问题可以交流哈！！