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官放文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/volume/
场景: 如果将数据都存放在容器中,那么删除容器,数据就会丢失。
以MySQL为例,进行数据的持久化,容器删了,等价于删库跑路了,那么为了防止删除容器连带数据一起删除,因此有没有办法要把数据存储在本地?
容器之间有一个数据共享的技术,Docker容器产生的数据,可以同步到本地,这就是卷技术,将容器的目录挂载到Linux服务器的磁盘上。
总结: 容器的持久化和同步操作,容器之间也是可以数据共享的,挂载是一个双向绑定的过程,即使容器停止运行,依然不影响数据共享。
#语法:
docker volume COMMAND COMMAND
命令 | 描述 |
---|---|
docker volume create | 创建卷 |
docker volume inspect | 显示一个或多个卷的详细信息。 |
docker volume ls | 列表显示卷 |
docker volume prune | 删除所有未使用的本地卷 |
docker volume rm | 删除一个或多个卷 |
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器目录 -p 主机端口:容器端口
以tomcat为例,我这里将本机/home和容器内的/usr/local进行挂载
交互式进入容器/usr/local目录
[root@localhost home]# docker run -it --name tomcat03 -v /home:/usr/local tomcat:9.0 /bin/bash
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local/tomcat# cd ..
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local# ls
haokai tomcat
root@e6c3e51c8d9d:/usr/local#
查看本机的挂载目录
[root@localhost /]# cd home/
[root@localhost home]# ll
total 4
drwx------. 15 haokai haokai 4096 Jan 6 02:12 haokai
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jan 6 02:11 tomcat
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
mounts就是挂载的相关信息
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home",
"Destination": "/usr/local",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
[root@localhost home]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e6c3e51c8d9d tomcat:9.0 "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat03 a16acb738a00 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes 8080/tcp tomcat01 1a5a0ffc0338 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 25 hours ago Up 41 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp, :::8088->9000/tcp inspiring_newton [root@localhost home]# docker inspect e6c3e51c8d9d [ { "Id": "e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3", "Created": "2022-01-06T07:11:59.325202834Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 5185, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2022-01-06T07:12:00.042744181Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:76206e3ba4b1e2f4dcf8a83c0983e49f04cb57fbdf5adf0ce3738dfed5244766", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3/e6c3e51c8d9d725e2d9cb5505c6d5c5e7ba385566ebeac7b6602768ef573fae3-json.log", "Name": "/tomcat03", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": [ "/home:/usr/local" ], "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "CgroupnsMode": "host", "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f270bfbf9e8789ed4fcdea2cb15f8c997ea458f119d5e49c367ab4326de9564/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5af24043e0eb9b086d2c4fbd86c98e55c8b010e08dd1273a2ae3d1c7b0695a11/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2ebacc466ba7e410fda102bb0f304c0ac9c340467bbfd77c7a9754da0b8e9ddb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/20ce8849bd101acdee36b79fa6099266859494774cde3f66e6e41e295fe27e48/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c3de8d96a381ed34d032685cb6149f88ea470b2a798a8175c63726b3162ab5df/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3e4eac200f570cdc4f1da6ee9dd3d8a3836d05c2b29be2c0de43ce0ef4140073/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8118e9b590dd04446e9229833c4f51e648fe0cd94625f3a9703461736017952b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0ba4d33256cf4a96bb9f35fe5c06f8491c9ae2aa3b4d6cfa9dbd20ada23fe488/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ca76cc06bb1ef195f5dee5b1d914dac98116f4684892f375de4820a39e59e0c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ffdceab11e1db7f0c6cd2c3d0f7ae6114dd6df84722d890d92f14ae31c43f379/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/695834c6abb0b3f63670213b9d4852ab7b9b9121f7b99615d36154abb09f7c16/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/home", "Destination": "/usr/local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ], "Config": { "Hostname": "e6c3e51c8d9d", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": true, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "ExposedPorts": { "8080/tcp": {} }, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": true, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11", "LANG=C.UTF-8", "JAVA_VERSION=11.0.13", "CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat", "TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib", "GPG_KEYS=48F8E69F6390C9F25CFEDCD268248959359E722B A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243", "TOMCAT_MAJOR=9", "TOMCAT_VERSION=9.0.55", "TOMCAT_SHA512=a0c480b8bba09069bda3b57f54e658450a59d799474ad587dead0ffbf5074c16ee3f9f9c13312d0ff3227c7034589dabf25941fbd672838e9baeee9661e024dc" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "Image": "tomcat:9.0", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": {} }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "306f7ccc0319284edfe8ccc7834bf1cd6862fd2972c3972c51ee4fe96dafd143", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": { "8080/tcp": null }, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/306f7ccc0319", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "2623e819c883a1ece4e4862b13e5515c906bfede639e3ae4305d5dc8d82efc3d", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "1f628b850dab8ed82c1b9596b224633604d8eea05744de5ce56bb240ee6346dc", "EndpointID": "2623e819c883a1ece4e4862b13e5515c906bfede639e3ae4305d5dc8d82efc3d", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] [root@localhost home]#
# 如何确定是具名挂载、匿名挂载、指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径 匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 具名挂载
-v /容器外路径:/容器内路径 指定路径挂载,看前面是否有/
# 通过 -v 容器内路径:ro(readonly 只读) 或 rw(默认:readwrite 可读可写) 改变读写权限
# 一旦设置了容器权限,这时容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了,针对容器而言。
# ro也就是不能在容器内操作了,只能通过外部改变数据同步容器,容器内不能在进行操作
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx/:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx/:rw nginx
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