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前言: 打算和老弟去西安来一个说走就走的旅行,但是网上攻略太多了看得头皮发麻,但是仔细看的话每条旅游攻略都有特定的参数条件的,比如人数、价钱、游玩时间,也就是说我们可以通过筛选这些条件初步获取我们满意的攻略。
这次爬的是去哪儿网,网站大概长这样
如果我们搜一个旅行地点,会得到这么一个网页
网页的网址为:http://travel.qunar.com/travelbook/list/22-xian-300100/hot_heat/1.htm?avgPrice=1_2
其中有这么几个参数需要我们注意:
还有一个很重要的,每一个攻略都对应于一个编号,那么这个编号怎么获取呢?我们看一下网页的源码:
红色框框框住的就是第一个的10个旅游攻略对应的编码,获取的代码我是看了一篇公众号文章才知道的,侵删。
好了,知道这些之后就可以开始正式爬取了。
这一块直接上代码了,就不多说了。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import time import random from fake_useragent import UserAgent #import re #爬取每个网址的分页 fb = open(r'url.txt','w') # --------------------所有城市------------------------- # #url = 'http://travel.qunar.com/travelbook/list.htm?page={}&order=hot_heat&avgPrice=1_2' #请求头,cookies在电脑网页中可以查到 #ua = UserAgent() #headers={'user-agent':ua.random, # 'cookies':'JSESSIONID=5E9DCED322523560401A95B8643B49DF; QN1=00002b80306c204d8c38c41b; QN300=s%3Dbaidu; QN99=2793; QN205=s%3Dbaidu; QN277=s%3Dbaidu; QunarGlobal=10.86.213.148_-3ad026b5_17074636b8f_-44df|1582508935699; QN601=64fd2a8e533e94d422ac3da458ee6e88; _i=RBTKSueZDCmVnmnwlQKbrHgrodMx; QN269=D32536A056A711EA8A2FFA163E642F8B; QN48=6619068f-3a3c-496c-9370-e033bd32cbcc; fid=ae39c42c-66b4-4e2d-880f-fb3f1bfe72d0; QN49=13072299; csrfToken=51sGhnGXCSQTDKWcdAWIeIrhZLG86cka; QN163=0; Hm_lvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582513259,1582529930,1582551099,1582588666; viewdist=298663-1; uld=1-300750-1-1582590496|1-300142-1-1582590426|1-298663-1-1582590281|1-300698-1-1582514815; _vi=6vK5Gry4UmXDT70IFohKyFF8R8Mu0SvtUfxawwaKYRTq9NKud1iKUt8qkTLGH74E80hXLLVOFPYqRGy52OuTFnhpWvBXWEbkOJaDGaX_5L6CnyiQPPOYb2lFVxrJXsVd-W4NGHRzYtRQ5cJmiAbasK8kbNgDDhkJVTC9YrY6Rfi2; viewbook=7562814|7470570|7575429|7470584|7473513; QN267=675454631c32674; Hm_lpvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582591567; QN271=c8712b13-2065-4aa7-a70b-e6156f6fc216', # 'referer':'http://travel.qunar.com/travelbook/list.htm?page=1&order=hot_heat&avgPrice=1'} # -------------------以西安为例-------------------------# url = 'http://travel.qunar.com/travelbook/list/22-xian-300100/hot_heat/{}.htm?avgPrice=1_2' #请求头,cookies在电脑网页中可以查到 ua = UserAgent() headers = { 'user-agent':ua.random, 'cookies':'JSESSIONID=5E9DCED322523560401A95B8643B49DF; QN1=00002b80306c204d8c38c41b; QN300=s%3Dbaidu; QN99=2793; QN205=s%3Dbaidu; QN277=s%3Dbaidu; QunarGlobal=10.86.213.148_-3ad026b5_17074636b8f_-44df|1582508935699; QN601=64fd2a8e533e94d422ac3da458ee6e88; _i=RBTKSueZDCmVnmnwlQKbrHgrodMx; QN269=D32536A056A711EA8A2FFA163E642F8B; QN48=6619068f-3a3c-496c-9370-e033bd32cbcc; fid=ae39c42c-66b4-4e2d-880f-fb3f1bfe72d0; QN49=13072299; csrfToken=51sGhnGXCSQTDKWcdAWIeIrhZLG86cka; QN163=0; Hm_lvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582513259,1582529930,1582551099,1582588666; viewdist=298663-1; uld=1-300750-1-1582590496|1-300142-1-1582590426|1-298663-1-1582590281|1-300698-1-1582514815; _vi=6vK5Gry4UmXDT70IFohKyFF8R8Mu0SvtUfxawwaKYRTq9NKud1iKUt8qkTLGH74E80hXLLVOFPYqRGy52OuTFnhpWvBXWEbkOJaDGaX_5L6CnyiQPPOYb2lFVxrJXsVd-W4NGHRzYtRQ5cJmiAbasK8kbNgDDhkJVTC9YrY6Rfi2; viewbook=7562814|7470570|7575429|7470584|7473513; QN267=675454631c32674; Hm_lpvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582591567; QN271=c8712b13-2065-4aa7-a70b-e6156f6fc216', 'referer':'http://travel.qunar.com/travelbook/list/22-xian-300100/hot_heat/1.htm?avgPrice=1_2' } # -------------------网址爬取--------------------------# count = 1 #共200页 for i in range(1,201): url_ = url.format(i) try: response = requests.get(url=url_,headers = headers) response.encoding = 'utf-8' html = response.text soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml') #print(soup) all_url = soup.find_all('li',attrs={'class': 'list_item'}) #print(all_url[0]) ''' for i in range(len(all_url)): #p = re.compile(r'data-url="/youji/\d+">') url = re.findall('data-url="(.*?)"', str(i), re.S) #url = re.search(p,str(i)) print(url) ''' print('正在爬取第%s页' % count) for each in all_url: each_url = each.find('h2')['data-bookid'] print(each_url) fb.write(each_url) fb.write('\n') #last_url = each.find('li', {"class": "list_item last_item"})['data-url'] #print(last_url) time.sleep(random.randint(3,5)) count+=1 except Exception as e: print(e) fb.close() # 关闭文件
上面的代码一定要有cookies,要不然爬不下来数据。获取的数据大概长这样:
5825614
6524839
6609323
6522323
6607560
6744858
6794794
6060962
6252227
2931850
这些都是旅游攻略的编号。好了,现在有了编号,接下来就可以爬取关键信息了。
数据地址为:去哪儿网->攻略->攻略库->热门游记,获取的信息主要是下图中所示的
主要有:出发时间、旅游天数、人均费用、结伴人物、玩法、一条简介、游记的浏览量、爬下来的数据都存到csv文件中去了,代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import time import csv import random from fake_useragent import UserAgent # ------------------网址生成-----------------------# url_list = [] with open('url.txt','r') as f: for i in f.readlines(): i = i.strip() url_list.append(i) the_url_list = [] for i in range(len(url_list)): url = 'http://travel.qunar.com/youji/' the_url = url + str(url_list[i]) the_url_list.append(the_url) last_list = [] # 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.360' # --------------------信息获取--------------------# ua = UserAgent() def spider(): headers = { 'user-agent': ua.random, 'cookies': 'QN1=00002b80306c204d8c38c41b; QN300=s%3Dbaidu; QN99=2793; QN205=s%3Dbaidu; QN277=s%3Dbaidu; QunarGlobal=10.86.213.148_-3ad026b5_17074636b8f_-44df|1582508935699; QN601=64fd2a8e533e94d422ac3da458ee6e88; _i=RBTKSueZDCmVnmnwlQKbrHgrodMx; QN269=D32536A056A711EA8A2FFA163E642F8B; QN48=6619068f-3a3c-496c-9370-e033bd32cbcc; fid=ae39c42c-66b4-4e2d-880f-fb3f1bfe72d0; QN49=13072299; csrfToken=51sGhnGXCSQTDKWcdAWIeIrhZLG86cka; QN163=0; Hm_lvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582513259,1582529930,1582551099,1582588666; viewdist=298663-1; uld=1-300750-1-1582590496|1-300142-1-1582590426|1-298663-1-1582590281|1-300698-1-1582514815; viewbook=7575429|7473513|7470584|7575429|7470570; QN267=67545462d93fcee; _vi=vofWa8tPffFKNx9MM0ASbMfYySr3IenWr5QF22SjnOoPp1MKGe8_-VroXhkC0UNdM0WdUnvQpqebgva9VacpIkJ3f5lUEBz5uyCzG-xVsC-sIV-jEVDWJNDB2vODycKN36DnmUGS5tvy8EEhfq_soX6JF1OEwVFXk2zow0YZQ2Dr; Hm_lpvt_c56a2b5278263aa647778d304009eafc=1582603181; QN271=fc8dd4bc-3fe6-4690-9823-e27d28e9718c', 'Host': 'travel.qunar.com' } count = 1 for i in range(len(the_url_list)): try: print('正在爬取第%s页'% count) response = requests.get(url=the_url_list[i],headers = headers) response.encoding = 'utf-8' html = response.text soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml') information = soup.find('p',attrs={'class': 'b_crumb_cont'}).text.strip().replace(' ','') info = information.split('>') if len(info)>2: location = info[1].replace('\xa0','').replace('旅游攻略','') introduction = info[2].replace('\xa0','') else: location = info[0].replace('\xa0','') introduction = info[1].replace('\xa0','') #print(location) #print(introduction) # --------------------数据预处理---------------------------------# other_information = soup.find('ul',attrs={'class': 'foreword_list'}) when = other_information.find('li',attrs={'class': 'f_item when'}) time1 = when.find('p',attrs={'class': 'txt'}).text.replace('出发日期','').strip() howlong = other_information.find('li',attrs={'class': 'f_item howlong'}) day = howlong.find('p', attrs={'class': 'txt'}).text.replace('天数','').replace('/','').replace('天','').strip() howmuch = other_information.find('li',attrs={'class': 'f_item howmuch'}) money = howmuch.find('p', attrs={'class': 'txt'}).text.replace('人均费用','').replace('/','').replace('元','').strip() who = other_information.find('li',attrs={'class': 'f_item who'}) people = who.find('p',attrs={'class': 'txt'}).text.replace('人物','').replace('/','').strip() how = other_information.find('li',attrs={'class': 'f_item how'}) play = how.find('p',attrs={'class': 'txt'}).text.replace('玩法','').replace('/','').strip() Look = soup.find('span',attrs={'class': 'view_count'}).text.strip() if time1: Time = time1 else: Time = '-' if day: Day = day else: Day = '-' if money: Money = money else: Money = '-' if people: People = people else: People = '-' if play: Play = play else: Play = '-' last_list.append([location,introduction,Time,Day,Money,People,Play,Look]) #设置爬虫时间 time.sleep(random.randint(3,5)) count+=1 except Exception as e : print(e) #写入csv with open('Travel.csv', 'a', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='') as csvFile: csv.writer(csvFile).writerow(['地点', '短评', '出发时间', '天数','人均费用','人物','玩法','浏览量']) for rows in last_list: csv.writer(csvFile).writerow(rows) if __name__ == '__main__': spider()
获取的数据长这么个样
找出313个七月与八月的数据
下面是根据我的条件选择出来的攻略:
不多说了,好好准备去^ _ ^
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