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4.2.3、自定义ApplicationEventMulticaster
事件发布/订阅机制在实际项目中很经常用到,一方面可以很容易让我们的代码进行解耦,另一方面可以很方便的进行一对一或一对多的消息通信,是一种常见的观察者设计模式,具有很好的扩展性。今天就来讲一下Spring的事件机制。
Spring框架中的事件是一种观察者设计模式的实现,用于在应用程序中处理各种状态变化。事件驱动编程是一种流行的编程范式,其中组件之间的通信是通过事件(或消息)进行的。Spring的事件机制允许对象在状态发生变化时发布事件,其他对象则可以订阅这些事件并在事件发生时执行特定的操作。
Spring Event的使用基本有以下几个步骤:定义事件,发布事件,监听事件。
先定义一个事件Event,继承Spring的ApplicationEvent,声明构造函数将需要传递的事件信息包装为业务事件类。如:
- /**
- * 这里定义事件DamIllegalDataEvent。
- */
- public class DamIllegalDataEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
- // 声明构造函数,接收DamIllegalDataDto集合传递到事件中
- public DamIllegalDataEvent(List<DamIllegalDataDto> list) {
- super(list);
- }
- }
发布事件时可以注入ApplicationEventPublisher,也可以获取到ApplicationContext,然后调用publisherEvent()方法推送事件。
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping("anno/dam")
- public class DamTestController {
- @Autowired
- private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationPushBuilder;
-
- @GetMapping("test_audit")
- public String test_audit(){
- DamIllegalDataDto build = DamIllegalDataDto.builder().illegalData("11111").source("2222").functionDesc("数据清理中错误了").functionName("333").build();
- // 注入applicationPushBuilder
- applicationPushBuilder.publishEvent(new DamIllegalDataEvent(Collections.singletonList(build)));
- // 这里也可以直接使用hutool工具类直接发布
- SpringUtil.publishEvent(new DamIllegalDataEvent(Collections.singletonList(build)));
- return "ok";
- }
- }
监听事件也可称为订阅事件,即当事件发布了之后,需要监听该事件并进行消费。Spring里面提供了两种事件订阅的方式:
创建一个监听器DamIllegalDataEventListener继承ApplicationListener,通过泛型指定需要监听的事件类。如:
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- public class DamIllegalDataEventListener implements ApplicationListener<DamIllegalDataEvent> {
-
- @Autowired
- private DamIllegalDataAuditService damIllegalDataAuditService;
-
- @Override
- public void onApplicationEvent(DamIllegalDataEvent event) {
- LOGGER.info("异常数据审计事件开始执行...");
- List<DamIllegalDataDto> damIllegalDataDtos = (List<DamIllegalDataDto>) event.getSource();
- // todo......
- doSomething();
- }
- }
使用@EventListener注解方法,将其包装为事件处理器。它适用于:1. 不想为每个事件处理都创建一个ApplicationListener实现类;2. 希望支持更复杂的事件条件过滤。@EventListener的classes属性可以过滤事件类型,而condition属性可以根据事件对象是否满足条件表达式来过滤事件。
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- public class DamIllegalDataEventListener {
-
- /**
- * EventListener注解定义事件处理器,并指定监听事件为DamIllegalDataEvent。
- * condition声明只有事件的code==200时,才进入该事件
- */
- @EventListener(classes = {DamIllegalDataEvent.class}, condition="#event.code==200")
- public void onApplicationEvent(DamIllegalDataEvent event) {
- LOGGER.info("异常数据审计事件开始执行...");
- List<DamIllegalDataDto> damIllegalDataDtos = (List<DamIllegalDataDto>) event.getSource();
- // todo......
- doSomething();
- }
- }
默认情况下 Spring Event是同步执行的。你怎么这么确定?我们先来演示下上面的demo。先实现一个测试接口,该接口发布了一个事件,发布完后打印一行日志:
- @GetMapping("test_audit")
- public String test_audit(){
- DamIllegalDataDto build = DamIllegalDataDto.builder().illegalData("11111").source("2222").functionDesc("数据清理中错误了").functionName("333").build();
- SpringUtil.publishEvent(new DamIllegalDataEvent(Collections.singletonList(build)));
- System.out.println("接口请求完成......");
- return "ok";
- }
事件监听中打印一行日志,并睡眠5s:
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- public class DamIllegalDataEventListener implements ApplicationListener<DamIllegalDataEvent> {
-
- @Override
- public void onApplicationEvent(DamIllegalDataEvent event) {
- LOGGER.info("异常数据审计事件开始执行...");
- ThreadUtil.sleep(5000);
- }
- }
执行查看结果,可以发现不管如何请求,日志打印总是按顺序执行,并且会间隔5S。
如果还是不信?那我们来看源码:org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher#publishEvent(java.lang.Object),断点跟进到org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#publishEvent(java.lang.Object, org.springframework.core.ResolvableType)。
- protected void publishEvent(Object event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
- // 包装ApplicationEvent
- ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
- if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
- applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
- }
- else {
- applicationEvent = new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, event);
- if (eventType == null) {
- eventType = ((PayloadApplicationEvent<?>) applicationEvent).getResolvableType();
- }
- }
- // 考虑到部分事件在Listener注册之前就发布了,因此先保存起来
- if (this.earlyApplicationEvents != null) {
- this.earlyApplicationEvents.add(applicationEvent);
- }
- else {
- // 重点是这里
- // 铜通过getApplicationEventMulticaster()获取事件发布器;
- // 调用multicastEvent方法发布事件
- getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
- }
- // 同时给父容器发布事件
- if (this.parent != null) {
- if (this.parent instanceof AbstractApplicationContext) {
- ((AbstractApplicationContext) this.parent).publishEvent(event, eventType);
- }
- else {
- this.parent.publishEvent(event);
- }
- }
- }
跟进multicastEvent()方法,org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster#multicastEvent(org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent, org.springframework.core.ResolvableType):
- @Override
- public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
- ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
- Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
- for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
- // 这里可以看出,如果有指定任务执行器,那么就异步执行;否则直接调用,也就是同步执行。
- if (executor != null) {
- executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
- }
- else {
- invokeListener(listener, event);
- }
- }
- }
实现异步方式,可以有3中实现:
使用这个很简单,只要在事件监听方法上添加@Async注解即可,springboot的启动器需要开启异步@EnableAsync。
- @Async
- @Override
- public void onApplicationEvent(DamIllegalDataEvent event) {
- LOGGER.info("异常数据审计事件开始执行...");
- ThreadUtil.sleep(5000);
- }
注意:
使用@Async时,最好自己配置相应的线程池核心数以及延迟队列等等。由于Spring中使用@Async异步线程每次都会创建一个新线程执行,如果滥用 它,可能会有内存问题。
顾名思义就是手动创建一个线程池执行,与@Async类似。
- @Slf4j
- @Component
- public class DamIllegalDataEventListener implements ApplicationListener<DamIllegalDataEvent> {
-
- @Override
- public void onApplicationEvent(DamIllegalDataEvent event) {
- ThreadUtil.execAsync(() -> {
- LOGGER.info("异常数据审计事件开始执行...");
- ThreadUtil.sleep(5000);
- });
- }
- }
由于Spring容器会优先使用beanName为applicationEventMulticater 的bean作为事件转发处理器,如果不存在则默认使用SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster作为事件转发处理器,它默认是同步执行的。但它支持设置Executor,那么我们可以将自定义的线程池处理器作为Executor,以此来支持异步执行。
- @Configuration
- public class DamEventConfig {
-
- @Bean(AbstractApplicationContext.APPLICATION_EVENT_MULTICASTER_BEAN_NAME)
- public SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster eventMulticaster(){
- SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster simpleApplicationEventMulticaster = new SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster();
- simpleApplicationEventMulticaster.setTaskExecutor(taskExecutor());
- return simpleApplicationEventMulticaster;
- }
-
- /**
- * 目前服务器为8c,默认给他4个,一般事件推送的情况不会多。如果多的话,请检查一下业务使用
- * @return
- */
- @Bean
- public TaskExecutor taskExecutor(){
- ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
- executor.setCorePoolSize(4);
- return executor;
- }
- }
配置完之后,事件监听那边都无需修改。
注意:
这种方式的配置是全局性的,一旦配置了之后,所有的事件都是异步的形式处理。如果需要个别业务是同步的,那么此种方式要特别注意。
提到事件,这里再提一个注解@TransactionalEventListener,也即感知事务,基于事件形式与事务的某个阶段进行绑定。比如在事务提交之前或之后进行一些业务的处理,如短信提醒等等。@TransactionEventListener允许事件处理方法感知事务。它的phase属性,表示希望在事务的哪个阶段执行事件处理。
- @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- @EventListener
- public @interface TransactionalEventListener {
-
- /**
- * Phase to bind the handling of an event to.
- * <p>The default phase is {@link TransactionPhase#AFTER_COMMIT}.
- * <p>If no transaction is in progress, the event is not processed at
- * all unless {@link #fallbackExecution} has been enabled explicitly.
- */
- TransactionPhase phase() default TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMMIT;
-
- /**
- * Whether the event should be handled if no transaction is running.
- */
- boolean fallbackExecution() default false;
-
- /**
- * Alias for {@link #classes}.
- */
- @AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "classes")
- Class<?>[] value() default {};
-
- /**
- * The event classes that this listener handles.
- * <p>If this attribute is specified with a single value, the annotated
- * method may optionally accept a single parameter. However, if this
- * attribute is specified with multiple values, the annotated method
- * must <em>not</em> declare any parameters.
- */
- @AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "classes")
- Class<?>[] classes() default {};
-
- /**
- * Spring Expression Language (SpEL) attribute used for making the event
- * handling conditional.
- * <p>The default is {@code ""}, meaning the event is always handled.
- * @see EventListener#condition
- */
- @AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "condition")
- String condition() default "";
-
- /**
- * An optional identifier for the listener, defaulting to the fully-qualified
- * signature of the declaring method (e.g. "mypackage.MyClass.myMethod()").
- * @since 5.3
- * @see EventListener#id
- * @see TransactionalApplicationListener#getListenerId()
- */
- @AliasFor(annotation = EventListener.class, attribute = "id")
- String id() default "";
-
- }
TransactionPhase枚举声明了事务提交的各个阶段:
- public enum TransactionPhase {
-
- /**
- * Handle the event before transaction commit.
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#beforeCommit(boolean)
- */
- BEFORE_COMMIT,
-
- /**
- * Handle the event after the commit has completed successfully.
- * <p>Note: This is a specialization of {@link #AFTER_COMPLETION} and therefore
- * executes in the same sequence of events as {@code AFTER_COMPLETION}
- * (and not in {@link TransactionSynchronization#afterCommit()}).
- * <p>Interactions with the underlying transactional resource will not be
- * committed in this phase. See
- * {@link TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)} for details.
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_COMMITTED
- */
- AFTER_COMMIT,
-
- /**
- * Handle the event if the transaction has rolled back.
- * <p>Note: This is a specialization of {@link #AFTER_COMPLETION} and therefore
- * executes in the same sequence of events as {@code AFTER_COMPLETION}.
- * <p>Interactions with the underlying transactional resource will not be
- * committed in this phase. See
- * {@link TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)} for details.
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#STATUS_ROLLED_BACK
- */
- AFTER_ROLLBACK,
-
- /**
- * Handle the event after the transaction has completed.
- * <p>For more fine-grained events, use {@link #AFTER_COMMIT} or
- * {@link #AFTER_ROLLBACK} to intercept transaction commit
- * or rollback, respectively.
- * <p>Interactions with the underlying transactional resource will not be
- * committed in this phase. See
- * {@link TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)} for details.
- * @see TransactionSynchronization#afterCompletion(int)
- */
- AFTER_COMPLETION
- }
在含有事务的方法里发布事件:
- @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
- public void test(){
- DamIllegalDataAudit audit = new DamIllegalDataAudit();
- audit.setId("1726931543097610240");
- audit.setRemark("xxx");
-
- this.baseMapper.updateById(audit);
- DamIllegalDataDto build = DamIllegalDataDto.builder().illegalData("11111").source("2222").functionDesc("数据清理中错误了").functionName("333").build();
- applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new DamIllegalDataEvent(Collections.singletonList(build)));
- }
定义感知事务监听:
- @Component
- public class TransactionalEventProcess {
-
- @TransactionalEventListener(phase = TransactionPhase.AFTER_COMMIT)
- public void afterCommit(DamIllegalDataEvent event){
- System.out.println("事务提交后事件处理");
- }
-
- @TransactionalEventListener(phase = TransactionPhase.AFTER_ROLLBACK)
- public void afterRollback(DamIllegalDataEvent event){
- System.out.println("事务回滚后事件处理");
- }
- }
当执行事务方法时候,可以发现:
注意:
如果事件自定义了ApplicationEventMulticaster,让事件变成异步,那么该感知事务会失效。
但是如果使用@Async或手动定义了 异步线程池ThreadUtil.execAsync还是可以生效的。
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