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在Python自动化测试的面试过程中,对unittest、pytest与Selenium这三个核心工具的理解和应用能力是面试官重点关注的对象。本文将深入浅出地剖析这三个框架,探讨面试中常见的问题、易错点及应对策略,并通过代码示例进一步加深理解。
常见问题:
易错点与避免策略:
代码示例:
python import unittest from my_module import add_numbers class TestAddNumbers(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.adder = add_numbers() def tearDown(self): del self.adder def test_add_positive_numbers(self): result = self.adder(2, 3) self.assertEqual(result, 5) def test_add_negative_numbers(self): result = self.adder(-2, -3) self.assertEqual(result, -5) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
常见问题:
@pytest.mark.parametrize
实现多组输入输出的快速测试。易错点与避免策略:
assert 5 == result
代替self.assertEqual(5, result)
。-v
、-s
、--ff
等选项,灵活控制测试执行。代码示例:
python import pytest from my_module import add_numbers @pytest.fixture def adder(): return add_numbers() def test_add_positive_numbers(adder): result = adder(2, 3) assert result == 5 def test_add_negative_numbers(adder): result = adder(-2, -3) assert result == -5 @pytest.mark.parametrize("a, b, expected", [(2, 3, 5), (-2, -3, -5)]) def test_add_various_numbers(adder, a, b, expected): result = adder(a, b) assert result == expected
常见问题:
易错点与避免策略:
代码示例:
python from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC def test_search_google(): driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.get("https://www.google.com") search_box = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, "q")) ) search_box.send_keys("Python Automation") search_box.submit() results_title = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until( EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "search")) ) assert "Python Automation" in results_title.text driver.quit()
总结,熟练掌握unittest、pytest与Selenium的使用方法和常见问题应对策略,是提升Python自动化测试面试成功率的关键。通过深入理解上述内容并结合实际项目经验,面试者将能展现出扎实的技术功底和良好的测试实践。
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